基本生态环境服务均等化的法律研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 16:14

本文关键词： 基本生态环境服务均等化环境正义公共财政体制　出处：《湖南大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 改革开放30多年来,我国以经济建设为中心,实现了经济的快速增长。但在发展的过程中忽视了社会的全面发展,社会管理和公共服务明显落后于经济的发展速度,党和国家在发展的新阶段提出了要建设服务型政府的目标。建设服务型政府,就必须转变政府职能,更加注重公共服务,建立健全公平公正、惠及全民、可持续发展的公共服务体系,推进基本公共服务均等化。基本生态环境服务均等化是基本公共服务均等化中最基础、最重要的内容。众所周知,生存权是人类最基本的权利,人类首先要生存然后才能发展,而人类的生存离不开空气、水、等最基本的环境要素,没有安全、健康的环境人类就无法生存。生态环境的固有属性决定了政府干预的必要性,政府是基本生态环境服务的主要提供者,但是当前我国基本生态环境服务存在明显失衡,最突出地表现在城市和东部地区居民享受的基本生态环境服务明显优于农村和西部地区的居民。基本生态环境服务非均等化实为环境不正义,这种不正义主要体现在形式和实质两方面。一方面,国家立法没有平等保障每个公民的环境权,由于缺乏安全、健康的生态环境,公民最基本的环境利益无法得到保障,生存受到威胁；另一方面,经济发展失衡导致基本生态环境服务供给严重不足。要实现基本生态环境服务的均等化,不仅要完善我国现有的立法体系,使每一个公民平等的环境权受到普遍保护,还必须健全我国现有的公共服务财政体制,加大财政转移支付力度,以保障各级政府提供基本生态环境服务的财政能力。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has realized rapid economic growth with economic construction as the center, but in the process of development, it has neglected the overall development of society, and social management and public services have obviously lagged behind the pace of economic development. In the new stage of development, the Party and the state have put forward the goal of building a service-oriented government. In order to build a service-oriented government, it is necessary to transform the functions of the government, pay more attention to public services, establish and improve fairness and justice, and benefit the whole people. Sustainable development of the public service system, promote the equalization of basic public services. The equalization of basic ecological and environmental services is the most basic and important part of the equalization of basic public services. As we all know, the right to life is the most basic right of mankind, and mankind must first survive before it can develop. Human beings cannot survive without air, water, and other basic environmental elements. Without safety and health, human beings cannot survive. The inherent nature of the ecological environment determines the necessity of government intervention. The government is the main provider of the basic ecological environment service, but there is obvious imbalance in the basic ecological environment service in our country at present. The most outstanding performance is that the basic ecological services enjoyed by urban and eastern residents are obviously superior to those in rural and western areas. The non-equalization of basic eco-environmental services is actually environmental injustice, which is mainly reflected in both form and substance. On the one hand, national legislation does not guarantee the environmental rights of every citizen equally, because of the lack of security. In a healthy ecological environment, the most basic environmental interests of citizens cannot be guaranteed and their survival is threatened. On the other hand, the imbalance of economic development leads to a serious shortage of basic ecological and environmental services. In order not only to perfect the existing legislative system of our country, so that every citizen's equal environmental right is generally protected, but also to perfect the existing financial system of public service in our country, and to increase the intensity of fiscal transfer payment. In order to ensure that all levels of government to provide basic ecological and environmental services of the financial capacity.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

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