巴西生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享管理制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 17:23

本文关键词： 巴西生物遗传资源名古屋议定书获取与惠益分享　出处：《植物遗传资源学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：巴西是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,同时也曾一度是世界遗传资源的主要提供者。巴西很早就意识到保护本国生物遗传资源的重要性,巴西政府于2001年发布了《巴西保护生物多样性和遗传资源暂行条例》。随后又对《暂行条例》进行了数十次修订,直到2015年由总统签署以宪法修正案的形式通过了《生物多样性保护法》(第13.123号法律)。巴西立法对有关概念和术语做了比《名古屋议定书》更为详细的区分和解释,并分别对生物遗传资源与传统知识的获取、审批、转让、惠益分享、行政处罚等内容做出了规定。为了更好地管理生物遗传资源,巴西还成立了"遗传资源委员会(CGEN)",并建立了"国家惠益分享基金(FNRB)"。中国与巴西同属生物多样性大国,且国情相似,本文对巴西遗传资源立法过程及其在遗传资源获取程序、管理机构、惠益分享等方面的相关规定进行了系统整理分析,为国内立法提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:Brazil, which is one of the most biodiversity-rich countries in the world and was once a major provider of the world's genetic resources, has long recognized the importance of protecting its biological genetic resources, The Brazilian Government issued the interim regulations for the Conservation of Biodiversity and genetic Resources in Brazil on 2001 and has since made dozens of amendments to the interim regulations, Until 2015, when the President signed a constitutional amendment to adopt the Biodiversity Protection Act (Law 13.123). Brazilian legislation distinguishes and interprets the concepts and terminology in more detail than the Nagoya Protocol, And the acquisition, approval, transfer, benefit-sharing, administrative punishment and so on of the biological genetic resources and traditional knowledge are respectively stipulated. In order to better manage the biological genetic resources, Brazil has also established the Commission on genetic Resources (CGEN) and the National Benefit-sharing Fund (FNRBB). China and Brazil are both big biodiversity countries and similar in national conditions. This paper deals with the legislative process of genetic resources in Brazil and its access procedures in genetic resources. The related regulations of management organization, benefit sharing and so on are systematically analyzed to provide reference for domestic legislation.
【作者单位】：环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心;华南理工大学;
【基金】：生物多样性保护专项(2111101)
【分类号】：D977.7;D996.9;DD912.6

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