环境污染侵权案件审判实务若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 03:19

本文关键词： 环境污染侵权纠纷诉讼主体证明责任赔偿责任执行　出处：《中南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济和社会的发展,环境污染侵权日益成为法学理论界和实务界关注的重点。我国也产生多样化的环境诉讼司法实践。这些实践中暴露出我国现行法律在环境污染侵权类型案件中的主要问题是诉讼主体资格限制过于严格、举证责任分配不合理、法律责任形式单一化、执行困境重重。环境污染侵权纠纷的主体资格应突破现有法律限制进行适当扩展。可以提出环境污染侵权诉讼的原告应包括(1)直接受害者；(2)检察机关；(3)负有环境监管职责的行政机关；(4)社会团体；(5)其他个人。环境污染侵权的适格被告应扩展为(1)负有特定监管职责的行政机关；(2)保险公司。环境污染侵权纠纷的证明责任应更为专门化。原告承担的证明责任包括损害事实和被告行为违法性。其中损害事实包括确然发生的损害事实和损害发生危险事实；被告行为的违法性应进行广义理解。被告的免责事由应更加明确和规范,注重多种利益的协调和平衡。专家证人和鉴定人应出庭作证。环境污染侵权法律责任中应强化经济责任,主要就是要引入惩罚性赔偿责任和精神损害赔偿。环境污染侵权纠纷中惩罚性赔偿的适用要素包括被告行为系故意或者重大过失导致和适用惩罚性赔偿确有必要。环境污染侵权中的精神损害赔偿适用应综合受害人受害程度、加害人过错以及危害行为持续的程度等因素综合确定。有效破解环境侵权纠纷的执行难问题应改革执行体制和创新执行方式。改革执行体制主要包括构建专门性的环境侵权执行机构、执行机构应建立领导和被领导关系。创新执行方法主要包括有效破解地方保护主义方法；健全社会联合机制、完善社会信用体系；建立和完善社会救助机制。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, Environmental pollution tort has increasingly become the focus of legal theory and practice. Our country also produces a variety of environmental litigation judicial practice. These practices reveal that the current law in our country in the type of environmental pollution infringement cases. The main problem is that the qualification of the litigant is too strict, The distribution of the burden of proof is unreasonable, the form of legal liability is single, and the difficulties of execution are numerous. The subject qualification of the environmental pollution tort dispute should be extended properly through the existing legal restriction. The plaintiff who can bring the environmental pollution tort lawsuit should include 1) direct victim / 2) procuratorial organ / procuratorial organ / 3) which has the responsibility of environmental supervision and control. The appropriate defendant for environmental pollution infringement should be expanded to 1) the administrative organ with a specific supervisory function is an insurance company. The burden of proof of environmental pollution infringement dispute should be more specialized. The plaintiff's burden of proof includes the fact of damage and the illegality of the defendant's act, in which the fact of damage includes the fact of damage and the dangerous fact of damage; The illegality of the defendant's behavior should be understood broadly, the reason of the defendant's exemption should be more clear and standard, the coordination and balance of various interests should be paid attention to, and expert witnesses and experts should testify in court. The economic liability should be strengthened in the legal liability of environmental pollution infringement. The main purpose is to introduce punitive liability and spiritual damages. The applicable elements of punitive damages in environmental pollution tort disputes include the intentional or gross negligence of the defendant and the application of punitive damages is necessary. ... the application of compensation for moral damage in environmental pollution violations should integrate the degree of victimization of the victim, The factors such as the fault of the perpetrator and the degree of the continuance of the harm behavior are determined synthetically. It is necessary to reform the executive system and innovate the execution mode in order to solve the difficult problems in the enforcement of environmental tort disputes effectively. The reform implementation system mainly includes the construction of specialized enforcement agencies for environmental tort. The executive organizations should establish the relationship between the leaders and the leaders. The innovative implementation methods mainly include the effective ways to break down the local protectionism, the perfection of the social joint mechanism, the perfection of the social credit system, and the establishment and improvement of the social relief mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D925

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