我国农业非点源污染防治的法律研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 05:26

本文关键词： 环境污染非点源污染农业非点源污染非点源污染防治　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：以前,由于人们对环境污染问题缺少整体的认识,工业点源污染一直被认为是控制环境污染的主要对象,因此,各国纷纷采取大量措施对此进行重点治理并且也已取得较好成果,但实践证明只控制点源污染不能从根本上消除目前严重的环境污染的问题。随着我国人口的不断增长和经济的迅猛发展,大量的非点源污染物在广泛地、不断深入地进入各类环境载体中。许多国家的研究结果已经表明,现在非点源污染造成的环境恶化问题日趋严重,其中农业非点源污染所占的比例最大。由于农业非点源污染所具有的分散性、隐蔽性、不易监测性和难以量化的特征,使得对其预防和治理不同于对传统工业点源的治理。为探究我国农业非点源污染形势严峻的根源,笔者认为,防治资金不足,技术落后是农村非点源污染日益严重的主要原因。参考在农业非点源污染防治方面取得相对成功经验的几个经济发达国家所采取的措施,其对我国的借鉴经验主要包括:控制农业非点源污染首先做到立法先行;颁布的法律要注重系统性、配套性和协调性;法律内容要具有可操作性、针对性和层次性;需要多种管理手段一起发生作用。我国涉及到的农业污染防治的法律、法规和规范性文件的确为数不少,它们共同构成了我国农业非点源污染防治的法律基础并起到一定积极作用。但不可否认的一点是我国的农业非点源污染防治立法还存在许多的不足和缺陷:比如立法指导思想的陈旧和立法规划的缺失等。在对我国农业非点源污染防治立法的重构过程中,笔者认为首先应该明确农业非点源污染防治的立法理念,在保证当今农业稳步发展的同时,为未来的发展留下足够的空间。在立法模式上,采用混合立法的模式。即以制定一部综合的农业非点源污染防治法律为目标,并根据农业非点源污染所具有的特点,确立独特的农业非点源污染防治立法原则。最后在已经确定的理念和原则的指导下,积极构建农业非点源污染防治的法律制度。
[Abstract]:Previously, due to the lack of overall understanding of environmental pollution, industrial point source pollution has been considered as the main object of environmental pollution control. Countries have taken a large number of measures to focus on this and have also achieved good results. However, practice has proved that controlling point source pollution alone cannot fundamentally eliminate the serious environmental pollution at present. With the continuous growth of population and rapid economic development in China, a large number of non-point source pollutants are widely used. The research results of many countries have shown that the environmental deterioration caused by non-point source pollution is becoming more and more serious, among which agricultural non-point source pollution accounts for the largest proportion. Due to the dispersed, hidden, difficult to monitor and difficult to quantify the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution, In order to explore the source of agricultural non-point source pollution in China, the author thinks that the shortage of prevention and control funds and the backward technology are the main reasons for the increasingly serious non-point source pollution in rural areas. Referring to the measures taken by several developed countries that have gained relatively successful experience in agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, their experience for our country mainly includes: the first step to control agricultural non-point source pollution is to legislate first; The promulgated law should pay attention to systematization, matching and coordination; the content of the law should be operable, targeted and hierarchical; it needs a variety of management means to work together. There are indeed quite a number of laws, regulations and normative documents concerning the prevention and control of agricultural pollution in China. Together, they constitute the legal basis for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution and play a positive role. However, it is undeniable that there are still many deficiencies and defects in the legislation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China: for example. The outmoded guiding ideology of legislation and the lack of legislative planning. In the process of reconstructing the legislation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention in China, the author thinks that the legislative concept of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control should be made clear first, which ensures the steady development of agriculture today. Leave enough space for the future development. In the legislative model, adopt the mixed legislation model. That is, to make a comprehensive agricultural non-point source pollution prevention law as the goal, and according to the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution, Finally, under the guidance of the established concepts and principles, the legal system of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control should be established actively.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68

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