动物权利理论的法学探析

发布时间：2018-02-24 05:34

本文关键词： 传统动物思想动物权利动物福利法律动物权利法律化　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有关动物的思想学说是一个古老而又新颖的理论主题。古老之处在于从几千年前人类文明发展之初,动物就已经被作为人类的财产而被人类进行利用,因而从古至今学者大多认定动物与人类的关系就是动物对人类来说只有财产价值,除此之外动物不存在其他任何价值。而新颖之处在于在近现代出现了与传统动物思想几乎完全不同的新学说——动物权利理论,这里的动物权利理论是一个广泛的概念,其中包含多种关于动物的理论学说,像“动物解放说”、“动物生命主体说”、“动物权利说”等等。由于动物权利理论中不同的学说所依据的理论基础具有很大的差异,因此无法对动物权利理论进行完整而准确的定义。笔者将这些学说归纳为动物权利理论的原因是这些理论都在一定程度上颠覆了人类长久以来形成的认为动物可以被人类随意利用的传统思想,并认为出于某些原因动物应该享有利益,如同赋予动物以权利。动物权利理论真正被提出并得到发展不过几十年的时间,然而在这几十年中,动物权利的支持者与反对者对动物权利理论争辩不休,动物到底是否具有权利(道德及法律权利)以及动物的法律地位问题成为学者争论的焦点。动物权利理论存在巨大争议的原因在于动物权利学者抛弃了人类长久以来形成的动物是人类财产这一传统观点并批判“人类中心主义”,选择以“非人类中心主义”角度重新看待人类与动物之间的关系。笔者希望本篇论文能够对动物权利理论进行深入分析,探讨动物权论理论的优势以及不足,以期望借鉴动物权利理论促进当前人们对动物的保护意识增加,并对完善现有的动物福利法律有所帮助,另外希望能在当前动物保护的严峻形势下找到动物保护法律发展的新方向。为达成本篇论文所追寻的目标,笔者将论文分为三个部分进行论述。第一部分论述传统的动物思想学说发展,传统动物思想学说虽然与动物权利理论基本对立,但却对动物权利理论影响深远,动物权利的基本理论是通过对传统动物思想的批判得以确立发展,理顺传统的动物思想学说能够对动物权利理论溯本追源,发现动物权利理论得以建立的依据所在,传统动物思想学说多见于哲学与宗教领域,因此第一部分将详细论述这两个领域中的动物思想发展。第二部分论述动物权利理论的不同学说,由于传统动物思想学说关于动物被人利用的根本原因有多种理论,导致动物权利理论在批判不同传统理论时发展为不同的动物权利学说,笔者选取了四种具有代表性意义的理论进行详细分析,以明确不同学说所提出的动物权利基本理论以及实现动物利益的实践方法。第三个部分论述动物权利与法律的关系,动物权利如果能够实现,其根本途径就是将动物权利法律化,目前虽然已有关于动物保护的法律,但是动物权利目前并未在法律中有所体现,笔者对当前动物福利法律及其依据进行了分析,同时阐述了动物权利学者所提出的当前法律所存在的缺陷,最后笔者对动物权利法律化的范围、途径以及存在的难题进行了分析,得出的结论是：动物权利法律化近期可能不能实现,但是动物权利理论对目前动物福利法律发展有着不可忽视的启示促进作用。
[Abstract]:The animal's thoughts is an old and new topic. The ancient theory lies in the thousands of years of human civilization development at the beginning of the animal had become human's property and used by human, so that most of the scholars from ancient times to the present relationship between animal and human is animal to human beings only property value, in addition to this besides the animal does not exist in any other value. But the novelty is in the modern theory of the emergence of new ideas and the traditional animal almost completely different -- animal rights theory, the theory of animal rights is a broad concept, including the theory about animal variety, like "animal liberation", "the subject of animal", "animal rights" and so on. Due to different theories about the basic theory of animal rights theory are based on great differences, therefore unable to move The theory of property rights definition is complete and accurate. The author summarizes the causes of these theories for animal rights theory is the theory to a certain extent, to subvert the formation of human long traditional thinking that animal can be used for human, and that for some reason the animal should enjoy the benefits, like give the animal rights.
The theory of animal rights really have been developed only for several decades. However, in the past few decades, animal rights supporters and opponents argue on the theory of animal rights and animal rights (whether has the moral and legal rights) and animal legal status issues become the focus of academic debate. Because there is a huge controversy the theory of animal rights in animal rights scholars abandoned the formation of human long animal is human property, the traditional view and criticism of "Anthropocentrism", choose to view the relationship between human and animal with "non anthropocentrism" point of view. The author hopes that the thesis can conduct in-depth analysis of the theory of animal rights, study animal rights theory's advantages and disadvantages, in order to learn the theory of animal rights and promote the awareness of animal protection, and It is helpful to improve the existing animal welfare laws. In addition, we hope to find a new direction for the development of animal protection law under the severe situation of animal protection.
Seek to achieve the goal of this paper, the paper will be divided into three parts. The first part discusses the traditional animal theories development, although the traditional animal theories and basic theory of animal rights opposition, but far-reaching influence on animal rights theory, the basic theory of animal rights is to criticize the traditional animal the thought has been established, straighten out the traditional animal theories of animal rights theory tracing the source, found that the theory of animal rights can be established based on the traditional animal theories in philosophy and religion, so the first part of the animal thought development in these two areas discussed in detail. The different theories of the second part this animal rights, because the traditional animal theories about the fundamental reason being used in a variety of animal theory leads to the theory of animal rights in the batch The traditional theory of development is different to different animal rights theory, the author selects four representative theories in detail, the basic theory of animal rights in order to clear the different theories and practice methods to achieve the interests of the animal. The relations of the third part discusses the animal rights and animal rights law, if we can achieve. The basic way is to animal rights laws, there are about animal protection laws, but animal rights is not reflected in the law, the author analyzes the animal welfare law and its basis, and expounds the defects of the current law of animal rights proposed by scholars, the author of animal rights the law of the scope, approach and existing problems are analyzed, the conclusion is: animal rights law recently may not be real Now, however, the theory of animal rights has an inspiring and stimulating effect on the development of animal welfare law.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D912.6

【共引文献】