大气污染防治区域协调法律机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 22:01

本文关键词： 区域性大气污染区域性法律调整方法区域立法模式　出处：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工业化进程的加快,我国经济发展呈现区域一体化,随之而来的大气污染也出现区域集中污染的新特点。传统的仅靠单一城市的一己之力,以行政区划为单位的法律调整方法已经不能有效地解决区域大气污染的问题。因此我们需要使用区域性法律调整方法,以行政区域为单位,来解决区域间大气污染防治问题。借鉴区域海洋问题中“区域化”方法的成功运用,我国之所以在大气污染防治区域协调法律机制的研究中要采用区域性法律调整方法,主要因为一是自然生态系统中空气因素的流动性使得各行政区域不但是大气污染的输出者也是大气污染的接收者,正是大气的交叉污染要求采用区域性法律调整方法。二是从法的公平正义的价值出发,区域内大气污染防治多个利益主体之间环境利益的均衡,要求采用区域性法律调整方法协调主体之间利益的重新分配。三是区域间更容易在共同的大气污染控制目标下,联合实施共同的大气污染防治措施,从而实现该区域中央下达的大气污染控制目标,在低成本投入的情况下实现大气污染防治的高效率。因此我们需要在大气污染防治中采用区域性法律调整方法。大气污染区域协调防治的理念目前在我国大气污染环境保护的基本法律中没有规定,只是体现在国务院各部门联合发布以及地方政府间联合发布的政策性文件中。由于大气污染防治区域协调法律机制在大气污染环境保护基本法律制度中的缺失使得我国大气污染法律体系不尽完善。因而本文主张通过区域立法的模式,通过区域内立法主体制定内容一致的地方法规,保障大气污染防治区域协调法律机制的构建。大气污染防治区域协调法律机制的构建首先要求明确区域的界定。借鉴海洋问题中的区域划分方法,我国大气污染区域划分,除了考虑自然生态因素也要考虑经济因素和社会因素。只有这样才能科学地划分我国大气污染防治的区域。另外目前我国大气污染防治的“区域”在《关于推进大气污染联防联控工作改善区域空气质量的指导意见》中只是规定了重点区域,区域的覆盖面积太小。因此在大气污染防治区域立法时要扩大“区域”的覆盖面。其次机制的构建不是单一制度,而是大气污染防治过程中需要采用的多个制度。其中大气污染防治区域协调法律机制包括制定大气污染防治区域统一规划、构建大气污染防治区域协调的联席会议制度、构建区域内统一的监测制度、构建统一的信息公开制度等。明确了区域的划定以及机制的内容,我们需要进一步论证区域大气污染防治协调法律机制构建的路径选择。美国的州际契约模式、珠三角的省际协议和市际协议模式存在弊端,最适合我国区域大气污染防治的模式是区域立法模式。地方联合立法机制在旧中国中有所体现,但是目前我国立法没有地方联合立法的规定,因此区域立法不能是地方立法机关联合制定统一的区域大气污染防治条例或者规章,只能是各自立法,制定内容一致的地方性法规。各行政主体代表在大气污染防治联席会议中达成一致的区域大气污染防治合作协议。在共同意向基础上由各自地方立法机关制定法律草案,就草案再次协商达成一致意见后,各自立法机关分别审议各自的草案以及表决通过、公布,来建立大气污染防治区域协调法律机制。
[Abstract]:With the accelerated process of industrialization, showing the regional integration of economic development of our country, the air pollution also appears new characteristics of regional concentration of pollution. The traditional single city single handedly, legal regulation unit has been unable to effectively solve the problem of regional air pollution administrative divisions. So we need to use the method of regional adjustment the law, in the administrative area as a unit to solve the problem of air pollution prevention area. Referring to regional marine issues in "regional" method for the successful application, China has to adopt the method of regional adjustment law in the research of air pollution prevention and control of regional coordinated legal mechanism, mainly because of a liquidity factor of natural air receivers in the ecological system makes the administrative region is not only the output of air pollution and air pollution, is the contamination of air pollution The adjustment method of regional legal requirements. The two is from the point of view of fairness and justice of the law of value, environmental benefits between the regional air pollution prevention and control of multiple stakeholders in equilibrium, redistribution of interests between the requirements by adjusting the method of regional legal coordination body. The three is the regional air pollution control goals more easily in common. The joint implementation of air pollution prevention and control measures, so as to achieve the goal of air pollution control in the region of central government, implementation of air pollution prevention and control of high efficiency and low cost in the case. So we need to adjust the regional legal method used in air pollution control.
Coordination of regional atmospheric pollution prevention and control in the basic legal concept of air pollution to protect the environment in our country is not provided, is reflected in the various departments of the State Council jointly issued a joint release between local government and policy documents. Because of air pollution prevention and control of regional coordinated legal mechanism in air pollution environmental protection lack of basic legal system in the air pollution our legal system is not perfect. So this paper advocates the adoption of regional legislation model, through the regional legislative subject to develop the content of regulations of agreement, establishing legal protection mechanism for the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution area.
Construction of air pollution prevention and control of regional coordinated legal mechanism requires clearly defined area. From the regional division of marine air pollution problems, regional division of China, in addition to considering the natural ecological factors should also consider economic factors and social factors. Only in this way can the science division of China's air pollution prevention and control area. In addition to the current I in the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution "region" in the "guiding opinions on promoting the" joint prevention and control of air pollution and improve regional air quality in key areas is provided, covering the area is too small. So in the regional air pollution prevention and control legislation to expand the "regional" coverage. Construction is not a single second mechanism system. But the system requires multiple air pollution prevention and control process. The coordination legal mechanism of prevention and control of atmospheric pollution areas including the development of air pollution prevention and control Regional unified planning, joint conference system for regional coordination of air pollution control, construction of unified monitoring system in the region, and establishment of a unified information disclosure system.
Clear the area delineated and the content of the system, we need to choose the path to further demonstrate the legal mechanism of regional air pollution control coordination. Construction of interstate contract model in the United States, provincial and inter city agreement protocol model in the Pearl River Delta has drawbacks, the most suitable for China's regional air pollution control mode is the mode of legislation. With the local area the legislative mechanism embodied in the old Chinese, but no provisions of the local legislation combined with legislation in our country at present, so regional legislation can not is that the local legislature jointly developed a unified regional air pollution prevention and control regulations or rules, only the respective legislation, local laws making consistent. Regional air pollution control cooperation agreement the administrative subject representatives agreed to a joint session of the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in common. In the basis of intention by the respective local legislature to make law draft After reaching a consensus on the draft re negotiation, each legislature deliberated on their respective draft and vote respectively, and announced the establishment of a regional coordination legal mechanism for air pollution control.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】