大规模环境侵权研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 20:27

本文关键词： 大规模环境侵权归责原则因果关系免责事由损害赔偿　出处：《苏州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无论是一年前中海油渤海湾漏油事故，还是两年前福建紫金山铜矿污水渗漏事故，只要一被提起，，民众还会对当时造成的损失和伤害心有余悸，惴惴不安。是的，这就是大规模环境侵权所带来的影响和危害。大规模环境侵权本身并非一种新型的侵权模式，是大规模侵权与环境侵权碰撞造成的结果，具有两种“母体”侵权行为的特征，但是它也保有自己的特性——对公共生态环境破坏。大规模环境侵权行为站在大规模侵权行为以及环境侵权行为的肩膀上，给法律学者造成了更大更特殊的难题。结合对大规模环境侵权中特征的分析，笔者建议拓宽大规模环境侵权诉讼主体的范围，法律保护的一切权利受到侵害即可得到起诉权。并且鉴于大规模环境侵权会造成生态破坏，政府应该先作为起诉主体追究污染者破坏生态环境的责任，如果政府懈怠，则可赋予公益团体进行公益诉讼的权利。在归责原则方面，我国在大规模环境侵权中适用无过错责任原则，但是这不代表说在大规模环境侵权责任中不用考虑过错，在因果关系推定以及损害赔偿方面对过错的考虑还是十分必要的。在因果关系认定方面，应该有针对性的将大规模环境侵权行为进行分类，再根据不同污染种类以及造成的损害来分别适用不同的因果关系推定方式。对污染造成的损害要明确分类，逐步放开对纯粹经济损失的赔偿，对于主观恶性大污染损害严重的侵权者，要施以惩罚性赔偿。但是不能一味的将法律天枰倾向受害者，本着公平正义的原则，我们也需要确定合适的免责事由以及合理的惩罚性赔偿金额来维护污染者的权利。
[Abstract]:Whether it was the Cnooc Bohai Bay oil spill a year ago or the sewage leakage accident at the Zijinshan Copper Mine in Fujian two years ago, as soon as it was brought up, the public would still be nervous about the losses and injuries caused at that time. Yes, This is the impact and harm brought about by large-scale environmental tort. Large-scale environmental tort itself is not a new type of tort mode, it is the result of the collision between large-scale tort and environmental tort, and it has the characteristics of two kinds of "mother" tort. But it also maintains its own characteristics-damage to the public ecological environment. Large-scale environmental tort acts stand on the shoulders of large-scale tort and environmental tort, which has created a bigger and more special problem for legal scholars. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of large-scale environmental tort, the author proposes to broaden the scope of the subject of large-scale environmental tort litigation. All rights protected by law are subject to prosecution. And in view of the ecological damage caused by large-scale environmental infringement, the government should first act as the subject of prosecution to hold the polluter responsible for destroying the ecological environment. In terms of the principle of imputation, our country applies the principle of no-fault liability in large-scale environmental tort, but this does not mean that there is no need to consider fault in large-scale environmental tort liability. It is necessary to consider the fault in the presumption of causality and the compensation for damages. In the aspect of determining the causality, we should classify the large-scale environmental tort. Then according to the different types of pollution and the damage caused by the application of different causality presumption. The damage caused by pollution should be clearly classified, gradually liberalizing the compensation for pure economic losses, Punitive damages should be awarded to those who have serious subjective and serious pollution damage. However, we should not blindly favor the victims of the law and stick to the principle of fairness and justice. We also need to determine appropriate exemptions and reasonable punitive damages to protect polluters' rights.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68;D923

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