地下水资源的刑法保护研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 00:09

本文选题：地下水资源　切入点：非法开采地下水罪　出处：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地下水资源对我国经济和社会的可持续发展起着非常关键的作用，其重要性不言而喻。但随着经济的快速发展，人口的增多，用水量急剧增加，供需矛盾紧张，甚至有些地方，有些企业滥采，超采地下水，使得我国本来就稀缺的地下水资源日益匮乏，地下水污染也频频发生，不仅造成生态严重破坏，甚至会危及到人类的生命和财产安全。但是，目前地下水资源相关立法还比较滞后，虽然在民法与行政法方面对此都有所规制，但是效果并不是很明显，我国刑法虽然涉及相关水资源犯罪，但并没专门对地下水资源进行刑事立法，地下水资源在刑法保护仍然处于空白。英国、日本及德国等国家在地下水资源保护方面的立法都比较先进，如在刑法中对地下水资源设立独立罪名进行保护，为我国地下水资源保护立法提供了借鉴。由于我国目前地下水资源破坏严重，必须及时完善我国刑法立法，实现对地下水资源的刑法保护。本文分四个部分来写。第一部分主要详细介绍了我国地下水的概况，从地下水资源的概念和分类进行界定，进而分析我国地下水资源破坏现状，主要包括地下水资源污染与过度开采，地下水的破坏不仅使生态环境面临威胁，而且严重影响人类生存；第二部分主要介绍我国地下水资源刑事立法现状以及存在的缺陷。现行刑法仅在重大环境污染犯罪及非法采矿罪中有所涉及地下水资源犯罪，并没有专门设置地下水资源犯罪。然后从立法理念落后、立法内容缺失、结果犯标准问题以及刑罚设置不合理等问题分析地下水资源刑事立法方面的缺陷。因此，应及时完善我国地下水资源刑事立法；第三部分介绍了一些国外先进的地下水资源保护的刑事立法和对我国的借鉴。主要介绍了日本，德国、英国以及美国这四个国家地下水资源的先进的刑事立法，都切实有效对本国地下水资源进行保护，也为我国地下水资源保护提供借鉴，比如：设立独立罪名，以危险犯标准设置地下水资源犯罪以及注重刑罚的多样性等；第四部分提出完善我国地下水资源刑法保护的建议，具体包括立法理念的更新，，增设“非法开采地下水罪”、以危险犯标准来设置地下水资源犯罪、重新设计刑罚以及加强法律之间的有效衔接，与此同时，还应加强执法和司法水平，切实有效的保护地下水资源。
[Abstract]:Groundwater resources play a very important role in the sustainable development of economy and society in our country. However, with the rapid development of economy, the increase of population, the sharp increase of water consumption, the shortage of supply and demand, and even some places, the groundwater resources play a very important role in the sustainable development of our country's economy and society. Some enterprises have overexploited groundwater, which makes our country's already scarce groundwater resources increasingly scarce, groundwater pollution also occurs frequently, which not only causes serious ecological damage, but also endangers the safety of human life and property. At present, the legislation on groundwater resources is still lagging behind. Although there are some regulations in civil law and administrative law, the effect is not obvious. Although the criminal law of our country involves the crime of related water resources, However, there is no specific criminal legislation on groundwater resources, and the protection of groundwater resources in criminal law is still blank. Britain, Japan, Germany and other countries have advanced legislation on groundwater resources protection. For example, to protect groundwater resources by establishing an independent crime in criminal law provides a reference for the legislation of groundwater resources protection in our country. Because of the serious damage of groundwater resources in our country at present, it is necessary to perfect the legislation of criminal law in time. To realize the criminal law protection of groundwater resources. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the general situation of groundwater in China, defines the concept and classification of groundwater resources, and then analyzes the present situation of groundwater resources destruction in China. The damage of groundwater not only threatens the ecological environment, but also seriously affects the survival of human beings. The second part mainly introduces the present situation and defects of the criminal legislation on groundwater resources in China. The present criminal law only involves the crime of groundwater resources among the major crimes of environmental pollution and illegal mining. There is no special set of groundwater resources crime. Then the defects in the criminal legislation of groundwater resources are analyzed from the following aspects: the legislation idea is backward, the legislation content is missing, the result is the standard problem and the penalty is not reasonable. The third part introduces some foreign advanced criminal legislation on groundwater resources protection and its reference to our country. The advanced criminal legislation on groundwater resources in the United Kingdom and the United States has effectively and effectively protected its own groundwater resources, and has also provided a reference for the protection of groundwater resources in our country, such as establishing an independent crime. Set up the crime of groundwater resources and pay attention to the diversity of penalty according to the standard of dangerous crime. Part 4th puts forward some suggestions to perfect the criminal protection of groundwater resources in China, including the renewal of legislative idea, The establishment of the crime of "illegal exploitation of groundwater", the establishment of the offence of groundwater resources by the standard of dangerous violations, the redesign of penalties and the strengthening of effective links between laws, while at the same time strengthening the level of law enforcement and the administration of justice, Effective protection of groundwater resources.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D924;D922.66

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