强化政府环境保护责任法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 03:19

本文选题：政府　切入点：环境保护　出处：《山西财经大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 环境问题是人类迄今为止面临的最严重的问题之一。由于政府地位的特殊性,成为环境保护主体中的主导力量,其环境责任的履行直接影响环境保护的成效。近几年发生的一系列重大环境事件都与政府有关,而我国关于政府环境保护责任的法律制度规定还不健全。完善环境保护法律制度中的政府责任规定,是我国环境保护立法的当务之急。文章着重分析我国现有环境保护法律制度中对政府责任规定,介绍美国、日本、俄罗斯联邦环境保护法中关于政府责任的规定并总结经验,通过借鉴外国经验完善我国环境保护法律制度中相关的政府责任规定,以寻求解决环境问题的途径,促进环保事业的发展。本文包括引言、正文和结语。正文分为五部分,主要内容有: 第一部分:从基本理论入手,界定了政府责任的概念,分析了政府环境保护责任的内涵、特征,并对政府环境保护责任进行分类。第二部分:从现实和理论两方面分析强化政府环境保护责任的依据,论证强化政府环境保护的责任的必要性和可行性。第三部分:介绍了我国现行立法中有关政府环境保护责任的规定。此部分通过对相关法律规定的分析,指出了我国现行立法中政府环境保护责任规定存在的问题主要有:规范和约束政府行为的法律规定有限;对政府责任的规定过于原则,缺乏可操作性;职责划分不清、责任不明确,缺乏协调与监管机制;没有完善的责任追究制度。第四部分:对美国、日本、俄罗斯联邦国家立法中关于政府环境保护责任的规定进行了阐述,总结立法经验。其中主要对美国的《国家环境政策法》中政府环境保护责任的规定做了分析,对我国政府环境保护责任的规定有重要启示。第五部分:本部分为本文的核心内容。针对我国政府环境保护责任规定存在的问题,在借鉴外国经验的基础上,对我国现有的政府环境保护责任规定提出法律建议。主要有:在立法中完善我国政府环境保护责任的规定;明确政府环境保护责任、细化政府环境保护责任制度、加强可操作性:强化政府在环境保护中的管理责任、加强内部协调,建立外部的监督机制;建立政府环境目标责任制度。特别对作为环境保护基本法的《环境保护法》修改中政府责任的规定提出了具体的建议,同时就中国独创的“政府环境目标责任制度”的完善提出了具体的对策。本文通过分析现有环境问题和有关政府责任法律制度的不足,论述了强化政府环境保护责任的必要性和途径,表达了笔者对完善我国政府环境保护责任制度的期盼。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is one of the most serious problems faced by mankind so far. Because of the particularity of the government status, it has become the leading force in the environmental protection subject. The implementation of its environmental responsibilities directly affects the effectiveness of environmental protection. In recent years, a series of major environmental events have been related to the government. However, the provisions of the legal system on the responsibility of government environmental protection in our country are not perfect. Perfect the provisions of government responsibility in the legal system of environmental protection. It is urgent for our country to legislate on environmental protection. This article mainly analyzes the provisions on government responsibility in the current environmental protection legal system of our country, introduces the provisions on government responsibility in the environmental protection laws of the United States, Japan and the Russian Federation, and sums up the experience. In order to find a way to solve the environmental problems and promote the development of environmental protection, the relevant government responsibility regulations in our country's environmental protection legal system can be improved by using foreign experience for reference. This paper includes introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into five parts, the main content is:. The first part: starting with the basic theory, this paper defines the concept of government responsibility, analyzes the connotation and characteristics of the responsibility of government environmental protection, and classifies the responsibility of government environmental protection. The second part analyzes the basis of strengthening the responsibility of government environmental protection from two aspects of reality and theory, and proves the necessity and feasibility of strengthening the responsibility of government environmental protection. The third part: introduced the current legislation of our country about the government environmental protection responsibility provisions. This part through the analysis of the relevant laws and regulations, This paper points out the problems existing in the regulations of government environmental protection responsibility in the current legislation of our country, such as the limitation of the legal provisions regulating and restricting the government's behavior, the over-principle and lack of maneuverability of the provisions on the government's responsibility, the unclear division of the duties and responsibilities, The responsibility is not clear, lacks the coordination and the supervision mechanism, does not have the perfect responsibility investigation system. Part 4th: the provisions of the national legislation of the United States, Japan and the Russian Federation on the responsibility of government to protect the environment, Summing up the legislative experience, this paper mainly analyzes the provisions of the government's environmental protection responsibility in the National Environmental Policy Law of the United States, which has important implications for the regulation of the government's environmental protection responsibility in our country. Part 5th: this part is divided into the core content of this paper. Aiming at the problems existing in the regulation of environmental protection responsibility of our government, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign experience, This paper puts forward some legal suggestions on the existing regulations of the government's environmental protection responsibility in China. It mainly includes: perfecting the government's environmental protection responsibility in the legislation, clarifying the government's environmental protection responsibility, refining the government's environmental protection responsibility system, Strengthen the maneuverability: strengthen the management responsibility of the government in the environmental protection, strengthen the internal coordination, establish the external supervision mechanism; Establishing the responsibility system of the government's environmental target. In particular, it puts forward some concrete suggestions on the provisions of the government's responsibility in the amendment of the Environmental Protection Law, which is the basic law of environmental protection. At the same time, the author puts forward some concrete countermeasures to perfect the responsibility system of government's environmental target created by China. Based on the analysis of the existing environmental problems and the deficiencies of the relevant legal system of government responsibility, this paper discusses the necessity and ways of strengthening the responsibility of government environmental protection, and expresses the author's expectation of perfecting the system of government's environmental protection responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68

【引证文献】