NGO在我国环境公益诉讼中的原告资格问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 03:00

本文选题：原告地位　切入点：环保团体　出处：《昆明理工大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,环境公益诉讼理论在原告资格问题上存在很大的局限,我国《民事诉讼法》相关法律规定,起诉主体必须与自己的利益相关,它把主体限定在一个狭小的范围。通过本文的论述,欲突破“直接利害关系”的传统理论,赋予NGO在民事环境公益诉讼中的原告资格。另外,也可以借鉴国外关于NGO在民事环境公益诉讼中起诉资格的做法,通过一种从个案到普遍、从一般到常态的发展过程,为最终之立法准备条件。如在美国,最初法院拘泥于“法律权利”原则,除非法律主体能够证明其受法律保障的权利已经或正在遭受损害,否则便欠缺原告资格。但公共利益的危机促使法院逐步将“法律权利”标准转化为“事实损害”标准。到了90年代,美国通过司法判例使有关原告的资格限制越来越小,从而让NGO能够越来越积极地参与到公益诉讼中来,使得NGO在公共利益的有效维护上起到了越来越重要的作用。在我国司法实践中,也可以借鉴这一模式,逐步将NGO纳入到我国公益诉讼主体之范围,从而充分调动社会力量参与公共事务之管理和公共利益之维护。本文正文分为5个部分。第一部分,是问题的提出。从我国民诉法第108条谈起,介绍了我国环境公益诉讼方面主要的问题是突破现有的“直接利害关系”理论,扩大环境公益诉讼的原告资格。第二部分,通过几个案例对目前公民作为公益诉讼的原告主体是否现实可行作了细致的分析,并对环保行政机关和检察机关作为讼诉主体资格的利弊做了详尽的探讨,由此引出论文谈论的中心问题——NGO作为环境公益诉讼的主体资格问题。第三部分,对NGO作为环境公益诉讼的主体资格,是否具有必要性和可行性进行分析。第四部分,详细论述了当前我国NGO提起环境公益诉讼在中国目前存在的障碍。在文章最后一个主要部分中,探讨从法律体系、公益诉讼制度和司法实践中的具体操作等几个角度对NGO的讼诉主体资格进行完善,希望自己浅薄的见解能够为我国环境公益诉讼制度的建设提供些许参考。
[Abstract]:At present, the theory of environmental public interest litigation has great limitations on the qualification of plaintiff. According to the relevant laws of our country's Civil procedure Law, the subject of prosecution must be related to his own interests. It limits the subject to a narrow scope. Through the discussion of this paper, we want to break through the traditional theory of "direct interest" and endow NGO with the plaintiff qualification in civil environmental public interest litigation. We can also draw lessons from the foreign practice on the qualification of NGO to sue in civil environmental public interest litigation, and prepare for the final legislation through a development process from case to universality, from general to normal. For example, in the United States, The courts were initially bound by the principle of "legal rights" unless the subject of the law could prove that his rights protected by law had been or were being infringed, Otherwise, there will be no plaintiff qualification. However, the crisis of public interest has prompted the court to gradually transform the "legal right" standard into the "factual damage" standard. By 90s, the United States, through judicial precedent, made the qualification limits for plaintiffs less and less. As a result, NGO can participate more and more actively in public interest litigation, which makes NGO play an increasingly important role in the effective maintenance of public interest. Gradually bring NGO into the scope of public interest litigation in China, thus fully mobilize social forces to participate in the management of public affairs and the maintenance of public interests. The text of this paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the raising of the problem. Starting from Article 108 of the Civil Action Law, this paper introduces that the main problem in environmental public interest litigation in China is to break through the existing theory of "direct interest". Expanding the plaintiff's qualification in environmental public interest litigation. The second part, through several cases, makes a detailed analysis on whether it is practical and feasible for citizens to be the plaintiff subject of public interest litigation at present. The advantages and disadvantages of environmental protection administrative organ and procuratorial organ as subject qualification of litigation are discussed in detail, which leads to the central problem discussed in this paper-NGO as the subject qualification of environmental public interest litigation. Part three, This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of NGO as the subject qualification of environmental public interest litigation. Part 4th, In this paper, the author discusses in detail the obstacles existing in the current environmental public interest litigation filed by NGO in China. In the last part of the article, the author discusses the legal system, Public interest litigation system and judicial practice in the specific operation of several angles to improve the qualification of the main body of NGO litigation, hoping that their own shallow views can provide some reference for the construction of our country's environmental public interest litigation system.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D925;X321

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