中国土壤污染防治的立法研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 19:36

本文选题：土壤污染　切入点：立法比较　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 土壤是国家最重要的自然资源之一,是人类赖以生存的物质基础,也是生态环境的主要组成部分。在开发、利用土壤的过程中,许多土壤资源和功能遭到严重破坏,土壤污染作为全球三大环境要素(大气、水体和土壤)的污染问题之一,已成为我国乃至全球性土壤退化的主要因素,已经成为我国实现经济和社会可持续发展的阻碍因素,已经成为影响人民身心健康、损害人民利益的重要因素。我国土壤污染总体形势相当严峻,土壤污染正以一种不容忽视的速度和趋势在全国范围内蔓延,但是目前对土壤污染问题并没有像对大气和水污染那样重视,尚未将土壤作为独立的环境要素加以保护,没有独立的土壤污染防治法。我国目前大量的土壤污染防治立法集中在地方性法规、部门规章和地方规章之中,土壤污染防治立法的规范比较分散且不系统,缺乏针对性,可操作性不强,落后于时代发展需要,同时,亦无相应法律制度的规范和指导,致使土壤污染的防治工作无法可循。为缓解严峻的土壤污染形势,我们必须加强土壤污染防治工作,其中最主要的环节是要在法律方面有所突破。鉴于此,文章综合运用环境法哲学方法、比较分析方法、环境法生态学方法、环境法经济学方法等研究方法,介绍了土壤污染的概念,阐述其危害性、对其成因加以分析;从我国土壤污染现状着手,结合土壤污染的特点和我国国情,阐述了我国土壤污染防治立法的必要性和可行性,然后将我国现有土壤污染防治法律法规同国外土壤污染防治立法概况进行对比分析,得出在立法效力、管理体制、法律制度、法律责任等方面存在明显差异,在此基础上得出相应的立法启示,即创设土壤污染防治法,完善管理体制及实现机构,建立健全相关法律制度,落实法律责任。同时,借鉴国外关于土壤污染防治立法的先进经验,提出完善我国土壤污染防治立法体系,在立法模式上予以创新,做到预防和治理相结合,并且对土壤污染防治立法的目的、指导思想、法律制度、法律原则、法律责任进行构想,初步建立土壤污染防治立法的基本框架,此外,提出完善配套法律的具体建议,侧重在农村土壤环境保护方面加以构建。
[Abstract]:Soil is one of the most important natural resources in our country, it is the material foundation on which human beings depend for survival, and it is also the main component of ecological environment. In the process of exploitation and utilization of soil, many soil resources and functions have been seriously destroyed. Soil pollution, as one of the three major environmental factors (atmosphere, water and soil), has become the main factor of soil degradation in China and even in the world, and has become an obstacle to the realization of sustainable economic and social development in China. It has become an important factor affecting people's physical and mental health and harming people's interests. The overall situation of soil pollution in China is quite severe. Soil pollution is spreading in the whole country at a speed and trend that can not be ignored. But at present, the problem of soil pollution is not paid as much attention to the air and water pollution as it is to the atmosphere and water pollution. Soil has not been protected as an independent environmental element, and there is no independent soil pollution prevention and control law. At present, a large number of soil pollution prevention and control legislation in China is concentrated in local regulations, departmental regulations and local regulations. The regulations of soil pollution prevention and control legislation are scattered and unsystematic, lack of pertinence, lack of maneuverability, lag behind the needs of the development of the times, at the same time, there is no norm and guidance of the corresponding legal system. In order to alleviate the severe situation of soil pollution, we must strengthen the prevention and control of soil pollution, the most important link is to make a breakthrough in law. In view of this, the article synthetically uses the environmental law philosophy method, the comparative analysis method, the environmental law ecology method, the environmental law economics method and so on research method, introduced the concept of the soil pollution, elaborated its harmfulness, analyzed its cause of formation; Starting from the present situation of soil pollution in China, combining the characteristics of soil pollution and the national conditions of our country, this paper expounds the necessity and feasibility of the legislation of soil pollution prevention and control in China. Then comparing and analyzing the existing laws and regulations of soil pollution prevention and control in our country and the general situation of soil pollution prevention legislation in foreign countries, it is concluded that there are obvious differences in legislative effect, management system, legal system, legal liability and so on. On this basis, the corresponding legislative enlightenment is obtained, that is, to create the soil pollution prevention and control law, to perfect the management system and the realization organization, to establish and perfect the relevant legal system, to carry out the legal responsibility. At the same time, Drawing lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries on soil pollution prevention and control legislation, the paper puts forward that the legislation system of soil pollution prevention and control in our country should be perfected, the legislative model should be innovated, the prevention and treatment should be combined, and the purpose of the legislation on soil pollution prevention and control should be achieved. The guiding ideology, legal system, legal principle, legal responsibility are conceived, the basic framework of soil pollution prevention and control legislation is preliminarily established. In addition, some concrete suggestions for perfecting the supporting laws are put forward, with emphasis on the construction of rural soil environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】