20世纪中期美国联邦政府对空气污染控制的干预与强化

发布时间：2018-03-21 03:35

本文选题：世纪中期　切入点：美国联邦政府　出处：《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：20世纪中期,美国在空气污染控制方面经历了一个联邦政府干预不断扩大的过程。最初,人们将空气污染视为地方问题,治理空气污染被认为是州和地方政府的职权。由于地方利益的不同,地方政府治理空气污染面临诸多困难。20世纪50年代中期,美国联邦政府开始介入空气污染控制问题,并一直和地方政府及工业集团的利益进行博弈,并于1967年通过了《空气质量法》,扩大了联邦政府对空气污染控制的干预权力。1970年,尼克松政府通过《清洁空气法修正案》,联邦政府对空气污染控制的干预权力达到了前所未有的程度。政府干预的扩大与人们对空气污染问题性质以及环保目标重要程度的认识密切相关。空气污染成为全国性问题,环境保护成为独立于经济发展的重要目标,这是联邦政府在空气污染控制领域有效扩大干预行动的前提。20世纪50~70年代联邦政府干预的不断加强为20世纪80年代后期美国空气污染问题的基本解决提供了必要条件。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 20th century, the United States experienced a growing federal intervention in air pollution control. Initially, air pollution was seen as a local problem. Air pollution control is considered to be the authority of state and local governments. Due to the difference of local interests, local governments face many difficulties in controlling air pollution. In the middle of 50s, the United States federal government began to intervene in air pollution control problems. And has been playing a game with local governments and industrial groups, and passed the Air quality Act on 1967, expanding the federal power to intervene in air pollution control. The Nixon administration passed the Clean Air Act Amendment, and the federal government's power to intervene in air pollution control has reached an unprecedented level. The expansion of government intervention and the importance of environmental protection objectives to the nature of air pollution problems. The level of awareness is closely related. Air pollution has become a national problem. Environmental protection has become an important goal independent of economic development. This is the premise for the federal government to effectively expand its intervention in the field of air pollution control. The continuous strengthening of the federal government intervention in the 1950s and 1970s provided the necessary conditions for the basic solution of the air pollution problem in the United States in the late 1980s.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所;
【基金】：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所创新工程项目
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.6;X51

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