美国公众参与环境影响评价制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 08:38

本文选题：环境影响评价制度　切入点：公众参与　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自环境影响评价制度作为一项基本制度在世界各国的环境法中确立以来,由于其本身具有的科学技术性、前瞻预测性和内容综合性等优点,已经成为环境行政决策的主要依据。而公众参与作为促进环境决策民主化、科学化、制度化的手段渗透到环境影响评价制度之中更加有力地促进了环境、经济与社会的协调发展。而美国作为对公众参与环境影响评价制度进行立法实践最早的国家,不仅为实施国家环境政策提供手段,而且为实现国家环境目标提供了有力的法律保障。首先界定了公众参与中公众的范围,并且具体而深入的分析了公众参与机制存在于环境影响评价制度之中的理论基础及其特有的价值功能。其次简要介绍了美国环境影响评价制度的发展背景和最终确立的过程,以及公众参与引入环境影响评价制度的历史进程,对此进程的考察有助于完整地了解美国公众参与环境影响评价制度的内容。第三部分是本论文的重点内容,通过对美国公众参与环境影响评价过程的程序性研究(研究重点是环境影响报告书的编制过程中体现的公众参与),可以看出美国关于公众参与环境影响评价制度的规定做到了真正尊重公众的意见,再加上美国司法审查制度的保障(主要包括环境信息公开制度和公民环境诉讼制度),使得美国公众参与环境影响评价成效斐然。最后在前述对美国环境影响评价制度中公众参与产生和发展的历程的研究,以及美国公众参与在环境影响评价制度(主要是环境影响报告书的编制过程)中的体现及保障机制的介绍,指出中国目前环境影响评价制度中公众参与存在的不足,并提出了完善中国公众参与环境影响评价的建议。相比美国环境影响评价制度中已发展成熟的公众参与机制来说,中国的公众参与还处在探索阶段,以期在美国环境政策具体、操作性强的基础之上,找出可供中国公众参与环境影响评价的借鉴之处。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of the environmental impact assessment system as a basic system in the environmental law of various countries in the world, due to its own advantages of science and technology, foresight, predictability and comprehensiveness of content, etc. It has become the main basis of environmental administrative decision-making, and public participation, as a means to promote the democratization, scientific and institutionalized environmental decision-making, has penetrated into the environmental impact assessment system to promote the environment more effectively. The coordinated development of economy and society. The United States, as the country with the earliest legislative practice of public participation in environmental impact assessment system, not only provides the means for the implementation of national environmental policy, And for the realization of the national environmental objectives to provide a strong legal protection. Firstly, it defines the scope of public participation, and analyzes the theoretical basis of public participation mechanism in the environmental impact assessment system and its unique value function. Secondly, it briefly introduces the background of the environmental impact assessment system in the United States and the process of its final establishment, as well as the historical process of public participation in the introduction of the environmental impact assessment system. The investigation of this process will help to understand the content of American public participation in environmental impact assessment system. The third part is the key content of this paper. Through a procedural study of the process of public participation in environmental impact assessment in the United States (the focus of the study is on public participation in the process of compiling the environmental impact statement), we can see that the United States has a system of public participation in environmental impact assessment. The rules that really respect public opinion, Combined with the protection of American judicial review system (including environmental information disclosure system and citizen environmental litigation system), the public participation in environmental impact assessment in the United States is very effective. Finally, in the above-mentioned research on the process of public participation in the environmental impact assessment system in the United States, As well as the embodiment of American public participation in the environmental impact assessment system (mainly the compilation process of the environmental impact statement) and the introduction of the safeguard mechanism, it points out the shortcomings of the public participation in the current environmental impact assessment system in China. Compared with the mature public participation mechanism in the environmental impact assessment system in the United States, the public participation in China is still in the exploratory stage, with the hope that the environmental policy in the United States will be specific. On the basis of strong maneuverability, this paper finds out some references for Chinese public participation in environmental impact assessment.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.6

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