环境侵权的社会救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 23:23

本文选题：环境侵权　切入点：环境社会保障　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着社会经济的发展,环境侵权案件日趋增加。环境侵权是一种对社会性权益的严重侵害,故对大规模受害人的救济问题也不再是个人问题,而显现出社会化的倾向。由于新的侵权形式的产生,侵权的救济方式也会发生相应的变化。环境侵权的救济制度研究,就是研究环境侵权这一新的侵权形式出现后的情况,伴随着侵权案件数量增加、赔偿数额巨大、履行赔偿义务又易导致侵权人破产的现象,而环境侵权的存在又有其社会合法性;或者是在赔偿主题不明确的情况下,关注社会救济制度的扩张,由社会承担赔偿责任,以保证受害人的合法权益。日本、德国等国家已经在环境侵权社会救济方面迈出具有实践意义的步伐,对经济发展和公民私权利的保护产生了积极作用。然而,我国对环境侵权的救济及损害赔偿制度却存在着诸多的不完善。一个合理的环境侵权损害赔偿制度应能够兼顾受害人及侵权者双方的利益,一方面应该使受害者得到及时合理的赔偿,另一方面又要使侵权者对其侵权行为承担合理的责任。故笔者在借鉴国外经验的基础上,来研究环境侵权的社会化救济制度。本文首先阐述了环境侵权社会救济制度的概述。该部分在分析环境权、环境侵权概念及特征的基础上,引出环境侵权的救济。在分析环境侵权社会救济产生原因的基础上,进而界定环境侵权社会救济制度的概念。即将环境侵权产生的损害视为社会损害通过相应制度的设立由有产生环境侵权之虞的企业和国家在一定条件下承担应由加害人负担的损失从而给予受害人及时有效救济的制度。然后文章着重阐述了环境侵权的社会保障制度。该部分在分析环境侵权社会保障制度概念和性质的基础上,提出构建环境社会保障制度的原则。本部分比较了日本、法国、加拿大以及新西兰在环境侵权社会保障制度上的实践,从而在我国环境法领域构建环境侵权的社会保障制度。该制度的构建主要从以下方面着手:环境社会保障制度模式的选择、该制度的构成要件、保障基金的来源、该制度救济的范围和内容,并比较分析了疾病医疗、失业等社会保障与环境社会保障的区别联系,从而阐述了环境社会保障制度的功能。最后阐述了环境侵权社会保险制度。该部分在分析环境侵权社会保险制度的来源的基础上,提出了环境侵权社会保险制度的概念及特点。在分析该制度主要构建模式的基础上,比较分析了美国、法国、德国和英国的环境社会保险制度。最后阐述了我国环境社会保险制度在海洋领域的实践与发展,并提出该制度存在的问题及其完善。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, environmental tort cases increase. The environmental tort is a serious violation of social rights and interests, so the large-scale relief problem is no longer a personal problem, but a social. As a result of new infringement forms, tort remedies will be corresponding change. The study of environmental tort relief system of environmental tort, is the emergence of this new form of infringement after, with the increase in the number of infringement cases, the huge amount of compensation, perform the obligation of compensation and easily lead to infringement phenomenon of bankruptcy, and the existence of environmental tort and its social legitimacy; or in the compensation subject under the condition of not clear, pay attention to the expansion of the social relief system, the social liability, in order to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of victims. Japan, Germany and other countries have been in the social environment right infringement relief Take practical steps to protect the economic development and the private rights of citizens had a positive effect. However, China's environmental tort relief and compensation system is far from perfect. A rational system of compensation for damage of environmental tort should be two sides to both the victim and the infringer's interests on the one hand, should make the victims receive timely and reasonable compensation, on the other hand, the infringer bear reasonable responsibility for the infringement. So the author on the basis of foreign experience, to study the environmental tort social relief system.
This paper first describes the overview of environmental tort social relief system. The analysis of environmental rights, basic concepts and characteristics of environmental tort, points out the relief of environmental tort. In the analysis of environmental tort social relief cause on the basis of the concept and definition of environmental tort social relief system of environmental tort. The damage caused by the apparent for the social damage through the establishment of the corresponding system has produced by Yu environmental rights infringement enterprises and countries bear by the perpetrators burden under certain conditions to give timely and effective relief to victims of the loss of the system.
Then the article focuses on the environmental tort social security system. This part analyzes the environmental tort concept and nature of the social security system, proposes the construction environment of the social security system. This part compares Japan, France, in the social security system of environmental tort practice of Canada and New Zealand, in order to build the social environment tort security system of environmental law in China. Construction of the system mainly from the following aspects: the mode of social security system, the elements of the system, to protect the sources of funds, the scope and content of the relief system, and analyzes the relationship between medical disease, unemployment, social security and social security environment thus, elaborated the environmental function of the social security system.
Finally elaborated the environmental tort social insurance system. The basic part in the analysis of environmental tort social insurance system, put forward the concept and characteristics of environmental tort social insurance system. Based on the analysis of the system construction model, comparative analysis of the United States, France, Germany and the UK Environment of social insurance system. Finally, expounds the practice and development of the social insurance system of our country in the field of marine environment, and puts forward the problems of the system and its perfection.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

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