我国环境行政补偿制度的建构

发布时间：2018-03-22 13:42

本文选题：环境行政补偿　切入点：一般环境行政补偿　出处：《湖南大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着我国民主和法治建设不断推进,公民权利在我国越来越受到重视。但是,由于我国片面强调私人利益服从于国家利益和公共利益,以及国家对经济与社会事务的管理权力过大等原因,行政主体虽依法行使环境行政权力,但是造成相对人损失的情况还是很多,所以,我们必须完善一般环境行政补偿制度。另外,本文试图提出一种环境侵权的行政救济方式即建立环境受害行政补偿制度。首先,由于环境侵权具有特殊性,很多受害人通过传统的民事救济无法得到及时充分赔偿,需要行政机关对环境侵权进行干预,由行政机关通过建立补偿基金对无法通过传统民事救济得到赔偿的环境侵权受害人进行及时有效补偿;其次,基于环境资源的公共物品属性,在权利社会化的同时,义务也日趋社会化,因此环境侵权补偿社会化具有正当性;第三,基于环境权理论,公民环境权受到侵害时,政府负有消除危害、填补损失的责任,对公民的环境权予以有效保护是政府应尽的职责。基于以上理由,我国可以考虑建立环境受害行政补偿制度。一般环境行政补偿制度与环境受害行政补偿制度共同构成了我国的环境行政补偿制度,然而,我国现行的环境行政补偿制度并不完善,相关立法存在很多不足:在立法的指导思想上,过多体现出国家主义与整体主义的倾向;缺乏统一的补偿原则、标准;缺少具体实施程序;没有有效的环境行政补偿救济制度,并且环境受害行政补偿制度缺失等等。针对以上问题,我们应当参照国外的立法规定,制定环境行政补偿法,从各方面完善现行的环境行政补偿制度,以达到保障公民的基本权利、平衡公共利益与个人利益、促进社会整体利益的目的。
[Abstract]:With the development of democracy and the rule of law in our country, more and more attention has been paid to the rights of citizens in our country. However, due to our country's one-sided emphasis on the obedience of private interests to the interests of the state and the public, As well as the state's excessive administrative power over economic and social affairs, although the administrative subject exercises the environmental administrative power according to law, there are still many cases of loss to the relative person, so, We must perfect the general environmental administrative compensation system. In addition, this paper attempts to put forward an administrative remedy for environmental tort, that is, to establish the administrative compensation system for environmental injury. First of all, due to the particularity of environmental tort, Many victims cannot get timely and adequate compensation through traditional civil remedies, so they need administrative organs to intervene in environmental infringement. The compensation fund is established by the administrative organs to compensate the victims of environmental infringement who cannot get compensation through the traditional civil relief. Secondly, while the rights are socialized, the public goods attribute based on the environmental resources. Therefore, the socialization of environmental tort compensation is justified; third, based on the theory of environmental rights, when citizens' environmental rights are infringed, the government has the responsibility to eliminate the harm and fill the losses. It is the duty of the government to protect citizens' environmental rights effectively. Based on the above reasons, our country may consider establishing the administrative compensation system for environmental injury. The general environmental administrative compensation system and the environmental victimized administrative compensation system constitute the environmental administrative compensation system of our country, however, the current environmental administrative compensation system in our country is not perfect. There are many deficiencies in the relevant legislation: too much embodiment of the tendency of nationalism and holism in the guiding ideology of legislation; lack of unified compensation principles and standards; lack of specific implementation procedures; lack of effective environmental administrative compensation and relief system. In view of the above problems, we should draw up the environmental administrative compensation law with reference to the foreign legislation, and perfect the current environmental administrative compensation system from all aspects. In order to protect the basic rights of citizens, balance public and personal interests, and promote the overall interests of society.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68;D922.11

【引证文献】