社会公平视角下生态补偿法律制度的完善

发布时间：2018-03-31 11:20

本文选题：生态补偿　切入点：社会公平　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文以理论与实践相结合的方法展开全文,在介绍国外比较成熟的生态补偿机制的基础上,运用概念分析、比较分析、案例分析等方法进行对我国生态补偿法律制度的研究。本文的主要任务是借鉴国外较为成熟的生态补偿的理论和实践经验,在社会公平的视角下研究分析我国生态补偿法律制度的基本问题。文章主要探讨了生态补偿的界定、生态补偿的理论基础、生态补偿的法律制度与法律救济等几个问题,在分析国外生态补偿成功实践经验的基础上结合我国的实际情况,提出了一些完善我国生态补偿法律制度的初步设想。文章共分引言、正文和结语三大部分。引言部分。作者介绍了本文的选题意义,国内和国外的研究现状。近年来,对生态补偿的制度研究已经成为生态环境建设领域的一个热点问题,国内外的许多学者对这一问题进行了大量的理论研究和实践探索。很多国家的生态补偿研究已经比较成熟,也有很多成功的实践案例。我国有些地区也实施了一些生态补偿政策,但还处于探索阶段。构建健全完善的生态补偿法律制度是当前我国生态环境建设的迫切需要,也是建设生态文明、构建和谐社会的重要措施。正文共分四章。第一章,介绍了生态补偿的基本问题与法学理论基础。由于学者们研究角度不同,我国对于生态补偿的具体概念存在多种表述,由于依据不同,对生态补偿也存在不同类型的划分。在社会公平的视角下,作者分析了几种具有代表性的概念描述,进而得出较为恰当的定义,并且认为生态补偿主要分为国家生态补偿与社会生态补偿两种类型。生态补偿制度的法学理论基础是用来解释为何国家需要用法律手段来调节生态补偿相关主体之间的利益关系；以及将生态补偿纳入法律制度在理论上的必要性。生态补偿制度的法学理论基础有三个：环境权理论、环境正义理论以及可持续发展理论,其中环境正义理论是最重要的,是社会公平在环境法领域的具体表现第二章,我国生态补偿制度的缺陷分析。针对我国生态补偿制度的实施情况,分析了我国生态补偿制度的存在的一些缺陷,主要是缺乏健全的法律规范和法律制度；生态补偿标准不合理；没有形成较为统一的生态补偿制度立法原则；缺乏对生态补偿实施情况的评价制度；生态补偿缺乏对社会公平的关注,补偿观念淡薄,群众基础薄弱。第三章,国外生态补偿制度的实践及经验。生态补偿制度的理论研究与实践在一些国家已经比较成熟,比如美国、德国、瑞士、法国、哥斯达黎加等。这些国家在农业、矿产资源的开发、森林资源的保护以及水资源的保护与利用方面进行的生态补偿实践都是比较成功的,非常注重对相关公众利益的保护以及社会公平的实现,取得了良好的环境效益与经济效益。在介绍这些成功实践的基础上,总结出了我国可以从国外这些成功实践中借鉴的实践经验。第四章,中国生态补偿法律制度的完善。针对目前我国生态补偿存在的不足之处,结合我国发展的实际情况,在社会公平的视角下,从以下六个方面提出了完善我国生态补偿法律制度的建议：第一,建立、健全生态补偿的相关法律法规。第二,明确生态补偿的范围与标准。第三,确立适当的生态补偿模式。第四,生态补偿的法律救济制度。第五,将公众参与纳入生态补偿法律制度。第六,建立对生态补偿实施情况的评价制度。结语部分。生态补偿法律制度的建立健全需要进行长期的探索与实践。由于我国社会经济发展的特殊情况,目前我国的生态补偿制度仍然存在很多问题,现存的一些分散的生态补偿政策大多侧重于经济效益,生态补偿的政策设计缺乏对社会公平的关注,最主要的问题就是我国缺乏一个健全的生态补偿法律制度作为支撑。构建完善的生态补偿法律制度是当前我国生态环境建设的迫切需要,也是建设生态文明、构建和谐社会和推动生态环境保护的重要措施。由于作者的理论功底薄弱,占有的外国相关资料有限,以及缺少法律事务经验,本文的一些研究还有待在今后的研究探索中进一步深化。
[Abstract]:Thesis this dissertation combines theory and practice, based on the ecological compensation mechanism of the mature in abroad, the conceptual analysis, comparative analysis, case analysis and other methods to research the ecological compensation legal system of China. The main task of this paper is the theoretical and practical experiences of ecological compensation in foreign mature the research on the basic problems of China's legal system of ecological compensation in the perspective of social justice. This article mainly discusses the definition of ecological compensation, the theoretical basis of ecological compensation, legal system and legal relief and so on several problems of ecological compensation, combining with the actual situation in China based on the analysis of foreign experience in the successful practice of ecological compensation and put forward some tentative ideas of perfecting the legal system of ecological compensation.
The article is divided into three parts: the preface, the main body and the conclusion.
Introduction. The author introduces the significance of this topic, research status at home and abroad. In recent years, the research on the ecological compensation system has become a hot issue in the field of ecological environment construction, many domestic and foreign scholars have explored a lot of theoretical research and Practice on this issue. Study on ecological compensation in many countries has been relatively mature, there are many successful practices. Some areas in our country have implemented some policies of ecological compensation, but is still in the exploratory stage. The construction of ecological compensation legal system perfect is the urgent need of China's ecological environment construction, and the construction of ecological civilization, an important measure to build a harmonious society.
The text is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter introduces the basic problems of ecological compensation and legal theory. Due to the angle of research scholars, there's a variety of expressions for the specific concept of ecological compensation, according to different standards, there are also divided into different types of ecological compensation. In the angle of social justice view, the author analyzes the concept of several representative the description and definition that is more appropriate, and that the ecological compensation is divided into national ecological compensation and social ecological compensation two types. The theoretical basis of the law of ecological compensation system is used to explain why the state need to use legal means to regulate the ecological compensation related interests relationship; and the necessity of ecological compensation will be incorporated into the legal system in theory. The theoretical basis of the law of ecological compensation system has three aspects: the theory of environmental rights theory, the theory of environmental justice and sustainable development, The theory of environmental justice is the most important, and it is the concrete performance of social justice in the field of environmental law
The second chapter analyses the defects of the system of ecological compensation in China. The implementation of ecological compensation system in China, analyzes some defects of the ecological compensation system of our country, mainly is the lack of sound legal norms and legal system; ecological compensation standard is not reasonable; no form a unified system of ecological compensation legislation principle; the lack of implementation of ecological compensation evaluation system of ecological compensation; lack of social justice concerns, compensation concept is weak, weak mass basis.
The third chapter, the practice and experience of foreign ecological compensation system. The theory and practice of ecological compensation system in some countries is relatively mature, such as the United States, Germany, Switzerland, France, Costa Rica. These countries in agriculture, the development of mineral resources, ecological compensation practice and protection of water resources protection and utilization of forest resources the relatively successful, attaches great importance to the realization of public interest protection and social justice, achieved favorable environmental benefit and economic benefit. Based on the introduction of the successful practice, summarizes our country can learn from the foreign successful practice in practice.
The fourth chapter, China perfect ecological compensation legal system. Aiming at the shortcomings of current ecological compensation in China, combined with the actual situation of China's development, in the perspective of social justice, from the following six aspects proposed consummates our country legal system of ecological compensation proposal: first, establish and improve relevant laws and regulations of ecological compensation. Second, clear ecological compensation scope and standards. Third, establish appropriate pattern of ecological compensation. In fourth, the ecological compensation legal relief system. In fifth, the public participation in ecological compensation legal system. In sixth, construction of evaluation system of implementation of ecological compensation legislation.
Conclusion. To establish and perfect the ecological compensation legal system needs a long period of exploration and practice. Due to the special situation of China's social and economic development, the current ecological compensation system in our country still have many problems, some scattered existing ecological compensation policies are mostly focused on the economic benefits, ecological compensation system is lack of social justice attention, the main problem is the lack of a sound ecological compensation legal system as a support. The construction of ecological compensation legal system perfect is the urgent need of ecological environment construction of our country, but also the construction of ecological civilization, and promote the construction of harmonious society is an important measure to protect the ecological environment. Because of the author's theoretical foundation is weak, the foreign possession of limited information, and the lack of practice experience, this study need a step in exploring the future Deepen.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6

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