我国荒漠化防治法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 09:44

本文选题：荒漠化　切入点：荒漠化防治　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国是世界上荒漠面积大、分布广、危害严重的国家之一。目前,我国有荒漠化土地面积广大,每年由于荒漠化造成的直接经济损失高达540亿元。荒漠化使我国部分农田粮食产量低而不稳,引起草场退化,水利工程设施排灌效能减弱,铁路和公路交通阻塞,沙尘暴天气猖獗等等。荒漠化还影响人们生产生活的环境、人们的身心健康。荒漠化也加深了贫困程度,扩大了地区贫富差距。更为紧迫和亟需我们警醒的是,荒漠化使土地严重退化,结果使我们赖以生存的耕地面积不断减小。我国现在正在科学发展观的指引下,致力于建设环境友好型社会和资源节约型社会的历史背景下,我国作为世界上人口最多的国家,有必要加强我国荒漠化防治法律制度的研究,完善我国荒漠化防治法律制度,以遏制我国土地荒漠化日益扩张的严峻形势,维护和扩大我国的土地资源总面积,坚守18亿亩耕地面积总量红线,保证我国的粮食安全和社会稳定,促进我国全面、协调、可持续的发展。我国作为《联合国荒漠化防治公约》的缔约国之一,积极承担防治荒漠化、为本国人民谋福祉和维护全球环境安全的义务和责任,制定了一系列的政策和法律法规。本文在我国荒漠化状况严峻的形势下,介绍了荒漠化的定义、国内外不同学者的观点,我国荒漠化的成因和类型,我国荒漠化防治立法概况及法律制度存在的问题,即防沙治沙法的规定过于原则化、对国有荒地的保护力度不够、缺乏环境资源行政管理协调机构、自然资源物权制度需要完善、生态补偿机制有待完善五个缺陷和问题。针对存在的这些问题,本文对荒漠化防治法律制度的研究不是旨在制定一部以《荒漠化防治法》为名称的专门性法律,而是对现有的荒漠化防治立法进行一些分析和探索,并结合国外发达国家的立法经验进行一些适合我国国情的、完善我国荒漠化防治法律制度的法律思考,即增强防沙治沙法的实际操作性、加强对国有荒地的保护和管理、建立完善的公众参与制度和协调机构、完善自然资源物权制度、探索完善生态补偿的方法,以完善我国的荒漠化防治法律制度,为我国全面、协调、可持续的科学发展,为我国社会主义和谐社会、资源节约型社会和环境友好性社会的建设提供一点有益的思考和尝试。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with large desert area, wide distribution and serious harm in the world.At present, the land area of desertification is vast in China, and the direct economic loss caused by desertification is as high as 54 billion yuan every year.Desertification causes low and unstable grain production in some farmland in China, causes degradation of grassland, weakens irrigation and drainage efficiency of water conservancy works, blocks railway and road traffic, rampant sandstorm and so on.Desertification also affects the environment in which people produce and live, and the physical and mental health of people.Desertification has also deepened poverty and widened the regional gap between rich and poor.What is more urgent and urgent is that desertification has seriously degraded the land, resulting in the reduction of the area of arable land on which we depend for survival.Under the guidance of the scientific development view, our country is committed to the construction of an environment-friendly society and a resource-saving society in the historical background. China is the most populous country in the world.It is necessary to strengthen the research on the legal system of desertification control in our country, perfect the legal system of desertification control in our country, so as to curb the severe situation of the increasing expansion of land desertification in China, and maintain and expand the total land resources of our country.Stick to the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land area, ensure the food security and social stability of our country, promote the overall, coordinated and sustainable development of our country.As one of the parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), China has made a series of policies, laws and regulations for the sake of the well-being of its people and the maintenance of global environmental security.In this paper, the definition of desertification, the viewpoints of different scholars at home and abroad, the causes and types of desertification in China, the general situation of our country's desertification control legislation and the problems existing in the legal system are introduced in this paper.That is, the provisions of the sand prevention and control law are too principled, the protection of state-owned wasteland is not strong enough, the coordination organization of environmental resources administration and management is lacking, the real right system of natural resources needs to be perfected, and the ecological compensation mechanism needs to be improved.In view of these problems, the research on the legal system of desertification control in this paper is not aimed at making a special law under the name of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Desertification, but rather carries out some analysis and exploration on the existing legislation for combating desertification.Combined with the legislative experience of foreign developed countries, the author makes some legal considerations to perfect the legal system of desertification prevention and control in China, that is, to strengthen the practical operation of the law of desertification prevention and control, and to strengthen the protection and management of state-owned wasteland.To establish a perfect system of public participation and coordination, perfect the system of real right of natural resources, and explore ways to perfect the ecological compensation, so as to perfect the legal system of desertification control in our country, so as to provide a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific development for our country.It provides some useful thoughts and attempts for the construction of a harmonious socialist society, a resource-saving society and an environment-friendly society.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】