《生物多样性公约》与中国海洋生物多样性保护

发布时间：2018-04-14 19:10

本文选题：生物多样性公约 + 海洋生物多样性　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来,虽然我国正逐步走上可持续发展的道路,但目前我国环境和资源状况仍不容乐观。其中,由于过度捕捞、海洋工程、生产及生活污水排放,造成了我国海洋环境质量下降,海域生态结构失衡,海洋物种急剧减少,生物多样性下降。同时,海洋及海岸生物多样性保护管理能力不足和措施不力,加剧了这种状况恶化的趋势。海洋生物多样性保护涉及跨界问题,需要通过国际合作来加以解决。于1993年12月29日正式生效的《生物多样性公约》是海洋生物多样性保护的重要国际条约之一,它的制定和生效是全球生物多样性保护的一个里程碑。公约第一次对生物多样性作了全面的阐述,内容涉及了遗传资源的取得和利用,技术转让和生物安全,从建立保护区系统到重建退化的生态系统和恢复受威胁物种,到采取迁地保护措施等。国内不少学者围绕《生物多样性公约》产生的背景、制定和履行情况进行了一些研究,新世纪初始,《联合国海洋法公约》实行以来,鲜有学者专门针对《生物多样性公约》与海洋生物多样性保护进行细致系统的研究与探讨,国外学者的相关著述也较少。基于此,本文试图以《生物多样性公约》与中国海洋生物保护为中心,系统研究《生物多样性公约》对我国海洋生物多样性保护的作用及其借鉴意义,进而思考该公约的完善和发展对我国海洋生物多样性保护的推动作用及启示。本文首先从研究对象入手,开篇介绍《生物多样性公约》的制定背景、目标、主要议题,公约的特点及历史发展,介绍公约的运行机制,执行情况及其新发展;然后,探索《生物多样性公约》的运行机制和在海洋生物保护方面的活动;在此基础上,以中国在海洋生物保护方面为主线,阐述中国履行公约的情况,从中国海洋生物多样性保护法律机制的设计和具体事实入手,指明我国目前的现实情况并提出不足之处,对存在问题进行剖析;最后,通过介绍俄罗斯、美国等发达国家在海洋生物保护以及履行公约方面的特点和先进之处,提出完善我国海洋生物多样性保护,提高我国履约能力的建议。总的来说,本课题研究的重点和创新点主要集中在公约的特点和借鉴意义的探究上,试图以动态的视角,拟解决怎样构筑一套既适合中国海洋生物保护现状,又能够更好地履行公约的中国海洋生物多样性保护法律体制的问题,走可持续发展海洋的道路。本文的写作目的在于通过分析公约的运作情况与中国海洋生物保护事业的发展状况,将二者紧密联系起来,旨在探析国际条约体现的国际法律模式如何在缔约国国内法律体系中运作,即国际法的国内法转化问题。
[Abstract]:In recent years, although China is gradually on the path of sustainable development, but the current situation of our environment and resources is still not optimistic.Among them, due to overfishing, marine engineering, production and domestic sewage discharge, the quality of marine environment in China has decreased, the ecological structure of the sea area is out of balance, the marine species has decreased sharply, and the biodiversity has declined.At the same time, inadequate management capacity and inadequate measures for marine and coastal biodiversity conservation have exacerbated the worsening trend.Conservation of marine biodiversity involves transboundary issues that need to be addressed through international cooperation.The Convention on Biological Diversity, which entered into force on December 29, 1993, is one of the important international treaties for the conservation of marine biodiversity.For the first time, the Convention provides a comprehensive description of biodiversity, covering access to and use of genetic resources, technology transfer and biosafety, from the establishment of protected area systems to the rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and the restoration of threatened species,To take measures to protect the relocation, etc.Many domestic scholars have made some studies on the background of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its implementation. At the beginning of the new century, since the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,Few scholars have made detailed and systematic research on the Convention on Biological Diversity and marine biodiversity conservation, and few related works have been written by foreign scholars.Based on this, this paper attempts to systematically study the role of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the protection of marine biodiversity in China and its reference significance, focusing on the Convention on Biological Diversity and the protection of marine life in China.Furthermore, the author thinks about the impelling effect and enlightenment of the perfection and development of the convention on marine biodiversity conservation in China.This paper begins with the research object, introduces the background, objectives, main topics, characteristics and historical development of the Convention on Biological Diversity, introduces the mechanism, implementation and new development of the Convention.Exploring the operational mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity and its activities in the area of marine biological protection, and on this basis, taking China as the main line in the field of marine biological protection, to elaborate on China's implementation of the Convention,Starting with the design and concrete facts of the legal mechanism for the protection of marine biodiversity in China, this paper points out the current reality of our country and puts forward some shortcomings, and analyzes the existing problems. Finally, by introducing Russia,The United States and other developed countries in the protection of marine life and the implementation of the Convention on the characteristics and advanced points, put forward to improve China's marine biodiversity protection, improve our ability to comply with the proposal.In general, the focus and innovation of this research mainly focus on the characteristics of the Convention and the exploration of reference significance, trying to solve the problem of how to construct a set of marine life conservation in China from a dynamic perspective.Furthermore, the legal system of marine biodiversity conservation in China should be better implemented and the sustainable development of the ocean should be pursued.The purpose of this paper is to closely link the operation of the Convention with the development of marine life conservation in China.The purpose of this paper is to explore how the international legal model embodied in international treaties operates in the domestic legal system of the contracting States, that is, the conversion of international law into domestic law.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D996.9;D922.68

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