公民环境权的基本内容及核心价值

发布时间：2018-04-16 16:21

本文选题：公民环境权 + 基本人权　；参考：《延边大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 经济的高速发展导致环境污染和环境破坏的加剧,环境危机的危害之深直视人类的存续,这种危机威胁着人类的生存与发展。因此环境权生成的经济背景是工业革命以后资本主义发展和全球扩张所带来的全球性环境污染、资源短缺和生态破坏;理论背景是可持续发展理论。本文分为三大部分:第一大部分,从公民环境权观念的诞生到公民环境权得以产生的理论依据,再到公民环境权基本内容,具体分析了环境权问题产生的原因。第二大部分,论述了环境权作为人权的性质和价值,从人权的视角下进行探讨和研究。环境权作为一项人权,已经在各国和国际社会的有关文件,宣言乃至立法中正式确认下来,也得到了国内外学者的认同。本部分把环境权作为一项人权,从以下几个方面进行论述,即从人权基本理论;从公民环境权的基本理论;从人权与公民环境权基本关系;从公民环境权的人权属性依据。并且比较了环境权和生存权、发展权的不同之处,从而得出环境权是一项既不同于生存权也不同于发展权的新型人权,是一项和生存权、发展权并列的独立的第三代人权。第三大部分,继而又介绍了可持续发展,并论述了可持续发展作为环境权的一个新的价值取向。环境权既能支持可持续发展,又能保障代际公平。因为人权性质的环境权派生出来的权利和义务,并不局限于一国之内,而是涉及到整个地球。本文主张环境权是以人为主体,人为本位的权利,是以人的生存和发展为核心价值的权利,是以人与自然相和谐为精神的权利。环境权既是平等的权利,又是全人类普遍的权利,是当代人与后代人共同的权利。立足于二十一世纪初展望环境权的未来发展,环境权将面临着机遇与挑战的双重前景。因为经济增长将进一步导致环境的恶化,特别是发展中国家和发展中地区的经济发展将对环境权的未来提出挑战。从人类活动空间来看,随着人类活动空间的不断扩大,尤其是生物技术、核技术、空间技术、海洋技术以及高技术战争等带来的新的环境问题将会随之产生,甚至更具有破坏性的环境问题将不断出现。这些问题都将对环境权的发展提出一系列挑战。尽管如此,环境权的发展也同样面临着机遇。因为经济不断发展所带来的更多更复杂的环境问题会增强全人类的环境意识,促进世界范围内的环境运动,加快环境权的立法、司法进程,完善环境权的保障机制,最终将使环境权的发展逐步趋于完善。环境权的发展将呈现社会化、生态化和全球化的趋势。此外,环境权未来的发展还取决于人权事业的发展。人权发展的进程将推动和促进环境权的保护和发展。环境保护是人类的责任,也是人类与自然和谐相处的必然要求。因此,确认、保护和发展作为人权的环境权是在人类与自然和谐相处精神指导下的人类理性思考和经验升华。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economy leads to the intensification of environmental pollution and environmental destruction, and the harm of environmental crisis directly depends on the survival of mankind, which threatens the survival and development of human beings.Therefore, the economic background of environmental rights is the global environmental pollution, shortage of resources and ecological destruction brought by the capitalist development and global expansion after the industrial revolution, and the theoretical background is the theory of sustainable development.This paper is divided into three parts: the first part, from the birth of the concept of citizens' environmental rights to the theoretical basis of citizens' environmental rights, and then to the basic content of citizens' environmental rights, the causes of the problems of environmental rights are analyzed in detail.The second part discusses the nature and value of environmental rights as human rights, from the perspective of human rights.As a human right, the environmental right has been confirmed in the relevant documents, declarations and even legislation of various countries and the international community, and has also been recognized by scholars at home and abroad.This part discusses the environmental rights as a human right from the following aspects: the basic theory of human rights, the basic theory of citizens' environmental rights, the basic relationship between human rights and citizens' environmental rights, and the basis of human rights attributes of citizens' environmental rights.By comparing the differences between the environmental right and the right to existence and the right to development, it is concluded that the environmental right is a new type of human right which is different from the right to existence and the right to development, and it is an independent third generation human right in parallel with the right to existence and the right to development.The third part, then introduces the sustainable development, and discusses the sustainable development as a new value orientation of environmental rights.Environmental right can not only support sustainable development, but also guarantee intergenerational equity.Because the rights and obligations derived from the environmental rights of human rights are not limited to one country, but involve the whole earth.This paper argues that the environmental right is a human-centered right, the right to human existence and development as the core value, and the spirit of harmony between man and nature.The environmental right is not only the equal right, but also the universal right of all mankind.Based on the prospect of the future development of environmental rights in the early 21 century, environmental rights will face both opportunities and challenges.Because economic growth will further lead to environmental degradation, especially in developing countries and areas of economic development will pose a challenge to the future of environmental rights.From the point of view of human activity space, with the continuous expansion of human activity space, especially biotechnology, nuclear technology, space technology, marine technology and high-tech warfare, new environmental problems will arise.Even more damaging environmental problems will emerge.These problems will pose a series of challenges to the development of environmental rights.Nevertheless, the development of environmental rights also faces opportunities.Because more and more complex environmental problems brought about by the continuous economic development will enhance the environmental awareness of all mankind, promote environmental movements worldwide, speed up the legislative and judicial process of environmental rights, and improve the protection mechanism of environmental rights.Finally, the development of environmental rights will be gradually improved.The development of environmental rights will present the trend of socialization, ecology and globalization.In addition, the future development of environmental rights also depends on the development of human rights.The process of human rights development will promote and promote the protection and development of environmental rights.Environmental protection is not only the responsibility of human beings, but also the inevitable requirement of harmony between human beings and nature.Therefore, it is recognized that the protection and development of the environmental right as a human right is human rational thinking and experience sublimation under the guidance of the spirit of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68

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