可持续发展语境下林权制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 22:28

本文选题：林权 + 可持续　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 森林资源具有稀缺性、财产性和不完全的排他性。依据产权理论,为了实现森林资源的有效配置,森林资源应当依法规制。但我国国有林场林地和林木权属不清,集体林地所有权主体虚位现象依然存在,认为森林资源无价的思想影响仍然较广,林权法律制度亟待完善。特别是对森林资源承载的生态功能及其自净能力、承载限度等缺乏利用权利机制进行有效保护和规制的意识和法律制度。致使森林资源破坏严重,其生态功能下降趋势明显。正如亚里士多德所说:“凡是属于最多数人的公共事务常常是最少受到照顾的事物。人们关心着自己的东西,而忽视公共的东西”。1如何通过权利界定和安排实现森林资源有效配置,将市场本身产生的负外部性内部化并重新市场化,是实现森林资源可持续发展面临的主要问题。本文以既注重林权制度系统理论研究,又努力寻求解决我国目前林权制度中存在的实际问题的对策为写作思路,综合运用利益分析方法、系统分析方法、逻辑分析方法等研究方法,在对我国理论、实践中林权概念及其具体制度分析的基础上,指出不足,并提出了一些合理的建议,从而较为系统地展开对生态环境可持续发展语境下林权制度的建立和完善的论述。本文除了引言和结论外,分为四部分。第一部分主要界定了林权的概念、林权的主体、客体和类型。首先阐述了当前我国理论界对林权概念的外延即林权客体范围存在的分歧、《森林法》等相关法律对林权概念的界定和林权这一概念在语辞学意义上存在问题。然后,在分析的基础上指出不足,从而提出具有可持续内涵的林权的概念:林权是主体依法享有的森林资源物权和以森林资源的生态功能为客体的环境权的有机体。接着论述了它的内涵和提出这一概念的理论和法律依据。最后,在对林权概念新的界定的基础上论述了林权的主体、客体和类型。第二部分主要是在客观阐述我国林物权、林环境权和林权保障性权利立法现状的基础上,展开对我国林权法律制度现状的分析。主要有林权法律制度体系不完善;国家和集体所有权主体出现虚位,用益权权能不完备和担保权客体范围过窄;林环境权立法有空白;林权主体的结社权、决策权得不到落实等。第三部分主要从理论上论述了可持续发展语境下林权制度立法的价值取向。指出未来的林权制度立法应当以实现人类社会和整个生态系统可持续的正义、效率和秩序为价值取向。第四部分是建议完善部分,也是本文的重点。第一、指出应当订立一部森林资源保护基本法,并把生态优先、分类经营、利益协调、权利本位作为基本原则。第二、完善林权的原权利体系。包括明确国有森林资源使用权;确认林环境权;建立采伐备案制度;扩大林权抵押权客体的范围;创新林环境权流转体制等。第三、完善林权保障性权利。包括统一林地林木权属争议解决程序;确实保障林权主体的结社权和决策权;建立公益诉讼制度。
[Abstract]:The forest resources are scarce, property and not exclusive. According to the theory of property rights, in order to achieve effective allocation of forest resources, forest resources should be in accordance with the laws. But in the state-owned forest forest land and forest ownership is unclear, subject of collective ownership of forest land vacancy still exists, that the impact of forest resources priceless thought is still wide, the legal system of forest rights need to be perfected. Especially the ecological function of forest resources and its bearing on the self purification capacity, bearing limit of the lack of awareness of effective protection and regulation of the right mechanism and legal system. The destruction of forest resources, the ecological function declined significantly. As Aristotle said: "where are the majority of the public affairs are often taken care of at least things. People care about their own things, while ignoring the public.".1 how to define the rights And arranging the effective allocation of forest resources, internalizing the negative externalities generated by the market and re marketing are the main problems to achieve sustainable development of forest resources.
This paper not only focus on theoretical research of forest right system system, and strive to seek countermeasures to solve the problems of forest right system in our country at present the idea of writing, analysis on the integrated use of interests method, system analysis method, research method of logical analysis method, in the theory of our country, analyzing the concept of forest right and its concrete practice system, points out the insufficiency, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions, and systematically discusses the establishment of forest right system of ecological environment in the context of sustainable development and improvement.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts.
The first part mainly defines the concept of forest rights, forest rights subject, object and type. It first expounds the theory circle of our country forest right concept is the forest right object differences, the concept of "Forest Law > and other related laws to define the concept of forest rights and forest rights at school in the sense of language. Then, points out the deficiency on the basis of the analysis, and put forward the connotation of the concept of sustainable forest rights: the forest right is an ecological function of forest resources property rights in accordance with the law, and subject to the forest resources as the object of environmental right. Then discusses its connotation and put forward the concept of the theoretical and legal basis. Finally, the concept of the new forest right on the basis of the definition of forest right discusses the subject, object and type.
The second part mainly objectively describes China's forest property right, forest environmental rights and forest rights guarantee right of legislative status, this article analyzes the current situation of China's legal system of forest rights. The main forest right legal system is not perfect; the state and collective ownership disatema appears, the scope of the object of usufruct rights is not complete and the guarantee right is too narrow; forest environmental legislation is blank; the forest right subject's right of association, the right decisions are not implemented.
The third part mainly discusses the value orientation of forest right system legislation in the context of sustainable development theoretically. It points out that the legislation of forest property rights in the future should be based on the sustainable justice, efficiency and order of human society and the whole ecosystem.
The fourth part is the suggestion part, is also the focus of this article. First, points out that we should make an forest resources protection law, and the ecological priority, classification management, coordination of interests, rights as basic principles. Second, perfecting the forest right system. The original rights include clear right to use state-owned forest resources; confirm forest environmental rights; build own filing system; to expand the scope of forest right mortgage object; innovation forest environmental right system. Third rotation flow, improve the forest right guarantee right. Including the unified forest ownership dispute settlement procedures; ensure the forest right subject's right of association and decision-making power; the establishment of public interest litigation system.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】