俄罗斯海上执法主体的设置模式及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-04-18 06:59

本文选题：海上执法 + 执法主体　；参考：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科技的发展及人类利用海洋活动的日益增多,海洋产业部门也相应增加,形成了诸多的产业部门。与产业部门的增加相适应,各国的海洋管理也在不断加强。国家实施海洋管理必须设置相应的管理机构,形成一定形式的海洋管理体制。各国海洋资源状况及政治体制等方面的差异,使得海洋管理体制不完全相同。世界上一些海洋强国的海洋行政管理体制,是多年实践经验的积累,可供我们参考借鉴。俄罗斯也是一个海洋大国,海洋水产资源极为丰富,海洋产业发展较快。进入21世纪,俄罗斯更加重视海洋的战略地位,公布了《俄罗斯联邦至2020年海洋学说》,作为俄罗斯国家海洋政策的纲领性文件,不仅为俄罗斯海洋政策提供了法律依据,还从根本上把部门所属和条块分割的海洋管理模式统一起来。俄罗斯海上执法主体设置合理、职责明确、协调性强,为了加强各执法主体之间的协调行动,提高执法效率,维护海洋权益,成立了以联邦政府副总理为首的海洋委员会,作为海洋行政管理的高层决策协调机构。委员会成员包括运输部、海关总署、边防局、渔业局、海军、自然资源与生态部等众多涉海部门的高层领导。并酝酿改革边防军,建立统一的海上执法队伍——海岸警卫队。加大海军海上活动的范围和力度,从国家战略安全的高度重视海洋。本文从介绍俄罗斯现行海上执法主体的设置模式入手,分析该国海上执法主体的设置特点,第二部分介绍我国海上执法现状及存在的问题,第三部分针对俄罗斯海上执法主体的设置经验提出我国海上执法体制改革应借鉴的方面,最后得出本文结论。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and the increasing of human activities, the marine industry sector has also increased, forming a lot of industrial departments.In line with the increase in the industrial sector, the marine management of countries is also constantly strengthening.The state must set up corresponding management institutions to form a certain form of ocean management system.The differences of marine resources and political system make the ocean management system different.The ocean administration system of some powerful marine countries in the world is the accumulation of many years' practical experience, which can be used for reference.Russia is also a marine power, marine aquatic resources are extremely rich, marine industry development is fast.In the 21st century, Russia has paid more attention to the strategic position of the sea, and published the "Ocean Doctrine of the Russian Federation to 2020." as a programmatic document of Russia's national maritime policy, it not only provides a legal basis for Russia's maritime policy,It also fundamentally unifies the mode of ocean management, which belongs to the department and is divided into pieces.The main body of Russian maritime law enforcement is set up rationally, its responsibilities are clear and its coordination is strong. In order to strengthen the coordinated action among the various law enforcement agents, improve the efficiency of law enforcement, and safeguard the rights and interests of the sea, a maritime committee headed by the deputy prime minister of the federal government has been set up.As a high-level decision-making coordination body of ocean administration.Members of the committee include senior leaders of the Ministry of Transport, the General Administration of Customs, the Border Guard, the Fisheries Agency, the Navy, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology, and many other ocean-related departments.And brewing the reform of border guards, the establishment of a unified maritime law enforcement force-Coast Guard.Increase the scope and strength of naval activities at sea and attach great importance to the sea from the perspective of national strategic security.This paper begins with the introduction of the setup mode of the main body of maritime law enforcement in Russia, and analyzes the characteristics of the main body of maritime law enforcement in that country. The second part introduces the present situation and existing problems of the maritime law enforcement in China.In the third part, the author points out that the reform of China's maritime law enforcement system should be used for reference in view of the experience of the establishment of Russian maritime law enforcement subject, and finally draws the conclusion of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;D951.2

【引证文献】