我国电磁辐射污染防治立法研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 05:20

本文选题：电磁辐射 + 污染防治　；参考：《东北林业大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着电脑、电视、微波炉、手机等的普及,计算机通讯网络、无线电和电视发射台、转播台的建立,人们无论是工作中还是生活中,都暴露于这种看不见、摸不着、无色无味、难以察觉的隐形杀手的污染之中。20世纪80年代以来,在美国和欧洲,由于流行病学的大量研究结果表明电磁辐射与某些疾病之间可能存在联系,公众对于电磁辐射可能造成的健康危害高度关注,以暴露在电磁辐射污染环境中受到了人身伤害和不良健康影响为由,针对企业和雇主的诉讼不断增加。电磁辐射污染是指人类使用电磁辐射的器具而泄露的电磁能量流传播到社区的室内外空气中,其量超出本底值,且其性质、频率、强度和持续时间等综合影响引起该区居民中一些人和众多人的不适感,并使健康和福利受到恶劣影响。我国政府历来重视环境保护工作,自上世纪70年代起,国务院环境保护领导小组、国务院环境保护办公室已经开始研究电磁辐射污染环境问题。随着电磁技术的广泛应用,人们日益重视电磁辐射污染问题,电磁辐射污染防治问题必将成为环境立法与环境法学理论研究的热点,目前我国还没有建立完备的电磁辐射污染防治法律制度。由于电磁辐射污染具有危害性、潜伏性、不可预测性、隐蔽性和蔓延性等特点,电磁辐射污染往往容易被人们忽视,并且目前我国电磁辐射污染防治立法严重滞后,存的问题表现为:环境保护基本法律的有关规定过于笼统;电磁辐射污染防治法律、法规和规章缺乏;电磁辐射污染防治法律规范不成体系;现行规范性法律文件的内容陈旧且相互冲突;地方性法规、地方政府规章缺少统一标准等。本文深入分析了我国进行电磁辐射污染防治立法的必要性与可行性。本文对我国电磁辐射污染防治立法提出了基本构想,重点分析阐释了电磁辐射污染防治法的基本原则、电磁辐射污染防治法的基本制度、电磁辐射污染源所有人和管理人的权利与义务、违反电磁辐射污染防治法的法律责任这四项立法的关键性内容。通过对我国电磁辐射污染防治立法有关问题的探讨,本文认为我国当前进行电磁辐射污染防治立法势在必行。
[Abstract]:With the popularity of computers, television, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computer communication networks, radio and television transmitters, and relays, people are exposed to this invisible, intangible, colorless and tasteless, both at work and in their lives.Among the undetectable contamination of invisible killers. Since the 1980s, in the United States and Europe, there has been a possible link between electromagnetic radiation and certain diseases as a result of extensive epidemiological studies.The public is highly concerned about the possible health hazards caused by electromagnetic radiation. Due to the personal injury and adverse health impact caused by exposure to electromagnetic radiation pollution, lawsuits against enterprises and employers have been increasing.Electromagnetic radiation pollution refers to the leakage of electromagnetic energy flows from human beings using electromagnetic radiation devices into the indoor and outdoor air of the community, which exceeds the background value and its nature and frequency.The combined effects of intensity and duration cause discomfort to some people and many people in the area, and make health and welfare worse.Our government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. Since the 1970s, the State Council leading Group on Environmental Protection and the State Council Environmental Protection Office have begun to study the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution to the environment.With the wide application of electromagnetic technology, people pay more and more attention to the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution. The prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution will become the focus of environmental legislation and environmental law theory research.At present, China has not established a complete electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention and control legal system.Because of the harmful, latent, unpredictable, hidden and spreading characteristics of electromagnetic radiation pollution, electromagnetic radiation pollution is often ignored by people, and at present, the legislation of electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention and control in our country lags behind seriously.The existing problems are as follows: the relevant provisions of the basic laws on environmental protection are too general; the laws, regulations and rules for the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution are lacking; the legal norms for the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution are not systematic;The contents of the current normative and legal documents are old and conflicting, and the local laws and regulations lack uniform standards.This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention legislation in China.In this paper, the author puts forward the basic conception of the legislation on the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution in China, emphatically analyzes and explains the basic principles of the law on prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution, and the basic system of the law on the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution.The rights and obligations of the owner and manager of electromagnetic radiation pollution source and the violation of the legal liability of the law on the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution are the key contents of the four legislations.Based on the discussion of the problems related to the legislation on the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution in China, this paper holds that it is imperative for China to legislate on the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution at present.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

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