论生态法律责任

发布时间：2018-04-19 07:29

本文选题：生态 + 法律责任　；参考：《福州大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：法律责任经历了团体法律责任、个体法律责任、社会法律责任三个发展阶段,以此为线索,论文对法律责任最新发展阶段——生态法律责任阶段进行论述。第一部分,通过对生态法律责任概念的定义,分析生态法律责任的理念、目的、适用范围、原则、内容、类型、承担依据、承担方式等特征。以权利、义务及法律关系的生态化拓展,阐述生态法律责任与法律权利、义务的关系,认为生态法律责任是权利、义务及法律关系生态化的结果。分析“生态法律责任”与“环境责任”、“生态责任”概念的区别,认识到“环境责任”与“生态责任”是法律责任适用范围的拓展,“生态法律责任”则是法律责任制度内核的拓展。第二部分,从防范生态危机、设置生态权利和生态义务等方面提出生态法律责任是生态权利、生态义务及生态法律关系的保障。通过对生态安全缘起的介绍,提出生态安全源于生态秩序,而生态秩序取决于生态权利与生态义务,生态法律责任是生态秩序的法律保障,以此论证生态安全也需要生态法律责任。由此可见生态法律责任作为法律责任最新发展阶段的必要性。第三部分,通过对个体法律责任的特点及归责原则的分析,论证个体法律责任是生态法律责任的逻辑起点。通过对社会法律责任的特点及归责原则的分析,论证社会法律责任是生态法律责任的基础。进而对生态法律责任的范围、目的、主体、性质、形式等方面进行分析,论证生态法律责任是法律责任发展的最新阶段。第四部分,通过对公平原则演进的论述,分析公平原则在个体法律责任和社会法律责任的表现,对代内公平、代际公平和种际公平等生态法律责任中公平原则的发展予以解析。第五部分,通过对过错归责原则的深入研究,分析生态法律责任中过错原则中“过错”的理解,探讨生态法律责任中过错归责规则的发展、过错推定归责规则的变化、过错无法判定时归责规则的进步。第六部分,通过对生态法律问题特殊性的研究,指出社会法律责任难以胜任对生态法律问题的解决,从跨时空的视野、价值的重新认定、“合法”理念的提升、调整受害主体认识、以发展观来面对新生事物等方面,探讨生态法律责任对生态法律问题的应对。
[Abstract]:Legal liability has experienced three stages: group legal responsibility, individual legal responsibility and social legal responsibility.The first part, through the definition of the concept of ecological legal responsibility, analyzes the concept, purpose, applicable scope, principle, content, type, basis and mode of ecological legal responsibility.Based on the ecological development of rights, obligations and legal relations, this paper expounds the relationship between ecological legal liability and legal rights and obligations, and holds that ecological legal liability is the result of the ecological transformation of rights, obligations and legal relations.This paper analyzes the difference between the concept of "ecological legal responsibility" and "environmental responsibility" and "ecological responsibility", and recognizes that "environmental responsibility" and "ecological responsibility" are the extension of the scope of application of legal liability.Ecological legal liability is the expansion of legal liability system.The second part puts forward that the ecological legal responsibility is the protection of ecological rights, ecological obligations and ecological legal relations from the aspects of preventing ecological crisis, setting up ecological rights and ecological obligations.Through the introduction of the origin of ecological security, the author points out that ecological security originates from ecological order, and ecological order depends on ecological rights and ecological obligations, and ecological legal responsibility is the legal guarantee of ecological order.This proves that ecological security also needs ecological legal responsibility.This shows the necessity of ecological legal liability as the latest development stage of legal liability.The third part, through the analysis of the characteristics of individual legal responsibility and the principle of imputation, demonstrates that individual legal responsibility is the logical starting point of ecological legal responsibility.Through the analysis of the characteristics of social legal responsibility and the principle of imputation, it is proved that social legal responsibility is the basis of ecological legal responsibility.Then it analyzes the scope, purpose, subject, nature and form of ecological legal liability, and proves that ecological legal liability is the latest stage of the development of legal responsibility.The fourth part, through the discussion of the evolution of the principle of equity, analyzes the performance of the principle of equity in individual legal responsibility and social legal responsibility, and analyzes the development of the principle of equity in the ecological legal responsibility of intra-generation, intergenerational and inter-species equity.The fifth part, through the thorough research to the fault imputation principle, analyzes the understanding of "fault" in the fault principle in the ecological legal liability, discusses the development of the fault imputation rule in the ecological legal liability, and the change of the fault presumption imputation rule.The improvement of imputation rules when fault cannot be judged.The sixth part, through the research on the particularity of the ecological law problem, points out that the social legal responsibility is not competent to solve the ecological law problem, from the view of the span of time and space, the value is reconfirmed, the idea of "legal" is promoted.In order to adjust the cognition of the victims and to face the new things with the concept of development, this paper probes into the response of the ecological legal responsibility to the ecological legal problems.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D912.6

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