我国城乡污染转移的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 08:57

本文选题：环境污染 + 城乡污染转移　；参考：《南京农业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“城乡二元制”结构下,我国城乡待遇不公平,农民利益和农村环境常常为城市和工业的发展做出牺牲。近年来,随着城市居民环保意识的觉醒、城市环境整治力度的加强以及城市产业结构升级速度的加快,我国的环境问题呈现出城市污染向农村转移的趋势,并且愈演愈烈,大批城市重污染企业加速向广大农村地区转移,大量城市污染物不断涌向农村,农村再次遭受不公平待遇。城市污染向农村转移不仅使本已恶化的农村环境更加脆弱不堪,给农村居民的身体健康和生命安全带来严重的威胁,而且这种城乡之间的环境不公严重违背了可持续发展的原则和环境正义的理念,在我们构建和谐社会、建设社会主义新农村的今天,必须尽快得到规范和控制。然而,面对城乡污染转移的严峻形势,我国现有的环保法律却无法应对,法学界对如何规制城乡污染转移也鲜有研究,有鉴于此,针对城乡污染转移法律规制的研究就显得十分必要。基于这样的背景,笔者选取此题目进行分析,展开研究。行文结构上本文分为三大部分—绪论、正文与结语,其中正文部分分设四章。第一章,阐述污染转移与城乡污染转移的基本问题,厘清污染转移的概念、污染转移的构成要件及其污染转移的分类；界定城乡污染转移的内涵及其表现形式；揭示城乡污染转移的本质,为下文的研究奠定基础。第二章,以大量实例与数据为支撑,考察我国城乡污染转移的严峻形势,讨论我国城乡污染转移对农村、农民乃至社会整体的严重危害,分析总结我国城乡污染转移的经济原因和法律原因。第三章,剖析规制我国城乡污染转移的正当性理论依据：可持续发展理论、农民环境权理论与政府干预理论；陈述规范与控制我国城乡污染转移在促进农村经济持续发展、维护农村社会稳定等方面的重大现实意义。第四章,本章是对我国城乡污染转移法律规制对策的探索,也是本文的重点。笔者在前文分析与论述的基础上,针对我国城乡污染转移不断蔓延的原因,对规制我国城乡污染转移的法律建议展开论述,提出宏观与微观、直接与间接的多元化法律规制对策。包括树立“环境正义”的立法理念、填补立法空白、加强农村环境执法、建立健全环保法律制度,疏通农民环境维权渠道等措施,以期能够对城乡污染转移法律规制的实践有些许帮助。
[Abstract]:Under the structure of "urban-rural dualism", the treatment between urban and rural areas in China is unfair, and the interests of farmers and the rural environment are often sacrificed for the development of cities and industries. In recent years, with the awakening of urban residents' awareness of environmental protection, the strengthening of urban environmental renovation and the acceleration of the upgrading of urban industrial structure, the environmental problems in our country have shown the trend of transferring urban pollution to rural areas, and become more and more serious. A large number of heavily polluted enterprises in cities speed up the transfer to the vast rural areas, a large number of urban pollutants continue to pour into the rural areas, and the rural areas are again subjected to unfair treatment. The transfer of urban pollution to rural areas not only makes the already deteriorating rural environment more fragile, but also poses a serious threat to the physical health and life safety of rural residents, Moreover, this kind of environmental injustice between urban and rural areas seriously violates the principle of sustainable development and the concept of environmental justice. Today, when we are building a harmonious society and building a new socialist countryside, we must be regulated and controlled as soon as possible. However, in the face of the severe situation of urban and rural pollution transfer, the existing environmental protection laws in China can not cope with it, and there is little research on how to regulate the transfer of urban and rural pollution in the legal circles. It is necessary to study the legal regulation of urban and rural pollution transfer. Based on this background, the author chooses this topic to carry on the analysis, launches the research. The structure of this paper is divided into three parts-introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter expounds the basic problems of pollution transfer and urban and rural pollution transfer, clarifies the concept of pollution transfer, the constituent elements of pollution transfer and the classification of pollution transfer, defines the connotation and manifestation of urban and rural pollution transfer. Reveal the nature of urban and rural pollution transfer, and lay a foundation for the following research. The second chapter, supported by a large number of examples and data, examines the grim situation of urban and rural pollution transfer in China, and discusses the serious harm of urban and rural pollution transfer to rural areas, farmers and even society as a whole. This paper analyzes and summarizes the economic and legal causes of urban and rural pollution transfer in China. The third chapter analyzes the legitimate theoretical basis of regulating the transfer of urban and rural pollution in China: the theory of sustainable development, the theory of farmers' environmental rights and the theory of government intervention, and states that standardizing and controlling the transfer of urban and rural pollution in China is promoting the sustainable development of rural economy. Maintain rural social stability and other aspects of great practical significance. The fourth chapter, this chapter is to explore the legal regulation of urban and rural pollution transfer in China, but also the focus of this paper. On the basis of the above analysis and discussion, aiming at the causes of the continuous spread of the urban and rural pollution transfer in China, the author discusses the legal suggestions for regulating the urban and rural pollution transfer in China, and puts forward the macro and micro aspects. Direct and indirect pluralistic legal regulation countermeasures. Such measures as setting up the legislative concept of "environmental justice", filling in the legislative gaps, strengthening rural environmental law enforcement, establishing and improving the legal system of environmental protection, and dredging channels for farmers' environmental rights protection, etc. In order to be able to urban and rural pollution transfer of the practice of legal regulation has some help.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68

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