循环经济模式下我国企业环境责任研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 21:53

本文选题：循环经济 + 社会责任　；参考：《山东科技大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】：企业与自然环境是紧密联系的,企业对环境的影响与作用越来越受到社会的关注。特别在当前为了实现可持续发展,我国政府提出建立循环经济这一新型发展模式,在该模式下如何通过法律增强企业在利用和保护环境过程中应尽的责任,成为一个非常现实与紧迫的课题。企业承担环境责任,一方面是解决日益严峻的环境问题的现实需要,另一方面也是一系列社会理念变革引发的产物。当下企业环境责任的具体落实不尽如人意,这主要是由于存在着两方面的障碍:一方面是由于传统发展模式的桎梏;另一方面则是由于现有法律调整机制的不健全,这种不健全主要表现在两个方面:一是“软法”的大量存在;二是法律规定存在许多“盲区”。要克服第一个障碍,则应当认清传统发展模式下企业落实环境责任的困境,转变发展模式,发展循环经济。在循环经济模式下,企业行为的目标发生了生态化的转变,不再单纯的追求经济效益,转而追求经济与环境双赢的生态效益。循环经济与企业环境责任是相辅相承的,企业承担环境责任需要通过循环经济去实现,循环经济也对企业承担环境责任提出更高要求。而对于第二个障碍,如果法律将责任承担仅仅设定为一种原则性的条款或者寄希望于从道德上要求企业自觉或自发地进行环境保护,这显然不现实的,因此,需要将一些关系到企业切身利益和社会利益的内容法律化。法律化有两种途径:一是仅仅是指国家可以把对企业的道德要求作为一种宽泛的原则规定写入法律,表明了国家的价值导向。但笔者认为从立法者的角度看,这并非是我们所讨论的真正意义上的企业的环境法律责任;另一种途径是将这种环境责任融进具体的制度设计中。循环经济在企业层面是通过三种路径展开的,因此可以从中开辟出一条新的思路,即基于这三种实施路径来研究企业在每种路径下的具体责任承担的制度设置问题。这其中包括清洁生产制度、环境补贴制度、企业的废物处理及回收制度、排污权交易制度、押金制度和环境标志制度等。通过利用法律实施的机制赋予企业的环境社会责任以法律约束和保障的性质,从而实现企业的环境责任法律化的过渡,最终根本上解决企业自身发展与环境保护不协调的社会矛盾,实现整个社会的共荣共存和可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Enterprises are closely related to the natural environment, and the influence and function of enterprises on the environment are paid more and more attention by the society. Especially in order to realize sustainable development, our government proposes to establish a new development model of circular economy, in which how to strengthen the responsibility of enterprises in the process of utilizing and protecting the environment through law. Become a very realistic and urgent subject. On the one hand, the environmental responsibility of enterprises is the practical need to solve the increasingly severe environmental problems, on the other hand, it is also the product of a series of social concept changes. At present, the concrete implementation of corporate environmental responsibility is not satisfactory, which is mainly due to the existence of two obstacles: on the one hand, because of the shackles of the traditional development model; on the other hand, because the existing legal adjustment mechanism is not perfect. This unsoundness is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the existence of a large number of soft laws, and the other is that there are many blind areas in the legal provisions. In order to overcome the first obstacle, we should recognize the dilemma of implementing environmental responsibility under the traditional development mode, change the development model and develop circular economy. Under the circular economy model, the goal of enterprise behavior has changed ecologically. Instead of simply pursuing economic benefits, the goal of enterprise behavior is to pursue the win-win ecological benefits of economy and environment. Circular economy and enterprise environmental responsibility complement each other. Enterprises need to realize environmental responsibility through circular economy. Circular economy also puts forward higher requirements for enterprises to assume environmental responsibility. With regard to the second obstacle, it is obviously unrealistic for the law to set liability only as a principled provision or to place its hopes on the moral requirements of the enterprise to carry out environmental protection consciously or spontaneously, so, It is necessary to legalize some contents related to the vital interests of enterprises and social interests. There are two approaches to legalization: one is that the state can write the moral requirements of enterprises into the law as a broad principle, indicating the value orientation of the country. But the author thinks that from the angle of legislator, this is not the real legal responsibility of the enterprise in the sense that we are discussing; another way is to incorporate this kind of environmental responsibility into the concrete system design. Circular economy is carried out through three paths at the enterprise level, so we can open up a new way of thinking, that is, based on these three implementation paths, we can study the system setting of the specific responsibility of enterprises under each path. These include cleaner production system, environmental subsidy system, enterprise waste disposal and recovery system, emission trading system, deposit system and environmental marking system. By making use of the mechanism of law enforcement to give the environmental and social responsibility of enterprises the nature of legal restraint and protection, thus realizing the transition of the legalization of environmental responsibility of enterprises, Finally, the social contradiction between the enterprise's own development and environmental protection is solved fundamentally, and the co-prosperity and sustainable development of the whole society are realized.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6

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