海洋环境监测法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 01:08

本文选题：环境监测 + 海洋环境监测　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 海洋环境监测是人类获取海洋环境信息、分析和掌握海洋环境状况的基本手段,是政府进行科学海洋环境管理与执法的重要基础。从某种意义上讲,海洋环境监测的能力直接影响着海洋资源开发和海洋环境保护的程度和效果。我国作为一个海洋大国,在大力推进海洋资源开发利用和海洋环境保护的同时,对海洋环境监测工作给予了相当的关注并取得了一定的成效。在海洋环境监测技术发展与进步的同时,规范海洋环境监测的法律体系仍不完善,有关的海洋环境监测规定主要体现于一些法律、行政法规、部门规章之中,有些海洋环境监测活动没有相关法律依据,无法可依;有些制度规定效力等级太低,监测制度仍不完善,这在一定程度上制约了我国海洋环境监测事业的发展。海洋环境监测的现状以及海洋环境监测自身具有的属性决定了必须建立一套健全的海洋环境监测法规体系予以保障。完善海洋环境监测法规及相关制度是强化全国海洋环境监测工作、规范监测活动、建立良好监测秩序的法律保障。本文围绕海洋环境监测工作法定化,从阐明环境监测与海洋环境监测的紧密联系入手,对海洋环境监测的背景问题研究,回顾我国海洋环境监测发展的历史、海洋环境监测的产生发展以及它的地位与作用等。着重讨论了海洋环境监测的相关制度建设和我国目前海洋环境监测组织体系的现实情况,并介绍了目前海洋环境监测系统:监测主体和监测网络的情况。结合我国目前海洋环境监测体系的现实情况和我国海洋环境监测的立法现状,剖析了我国海洋环境监测的规范性法律体系当前存在的问题,以及我国海洋环境监测法律规制工作面临挑战和需求。本文的创新点在于讨论海洋环境监测法制完善的对策建议,具体包括完善我国海洋环境监测立法的必要性与可行性、完善我国海洋环境监测立法应当坚持的指导思想、基本原则尤其是其包括的主要制度等问题的探讨。建议按照可持续发展的原则建设我国海洋环境监测体系,设想应有一部《海洋环境监测管理法》,内容覆盖海洋环境监测活动全过程的法律关系,包括我国海洋环境监测应当遵循的原则、海洋环境监测的职能与任务、海洋监测业务机构的资质认证、海洋环境监测人员的考核与持证上岗、海洋环境监测数据信息管理、海洋灾害与海洋污染事故损害评估、海洋环境监测网络管理、海洋环境监测的有偿服务、海洋环境监测在法律裁判中的地位与作用等方面的内容,使之最终都能够有科学的法律依据,使每一个环节最终都能够有法可依,都能严格按照法律的规定进行操作。同时还包括完善海洋环境监测规范标准体系、建立海洋环境监测指标体系和评价模式、通过规章制度的实施推进海洋监测资料共享、通过海洋环境监测环境法启发民间力量、公众参与海洋环境保护等建议和构想。最后通过对海洋环境监测法规建设的展望,希望能通过法律规制实现海洋环境监测组织体系、行为分工上权责明晰、各司其职、有法可依,海洋环境监测活动科学有序;使海洋环境监测法律制度进一步体系化和明晰化,使我国现行海洋环境监测中的各种关系进一步理顺,为我国海洋环境监测事业的发展提供法律保障,更好地保护我国的海洋环境。
[Abstract]:Marine environmental monitoring is the basic means to acquire the information of the marine environment, analyze and master the state of the marine environment. It is an important basis for the government to carry out scientific marine environment management and law enforcement. In a sense, the ability of marine environmental monitoring directly affects the degree and effect of marine resources development and marine environmental protection. A big ocean country has paid considerable attention to the marine environment monitoring while promoting the exploitation of marine resources and the protection of the marine environment. While the development and progress of the marine environmental monitoring technology, the legal system of regulating the marine environment monitoring is still imperfect, and the related marine environment monitoring The regulations are mainly embodied in some laws, administrative regulations and departmental regulations, and some marine environmental monitoring activities have no relevant legal basis and can not be dependent; some system stipulates that the effectiveness grade is too low and the monitoring system is still imperfect, which restricts the development of the marine environment monitoring cause in China to a certain extent.
The present situation of marine environmental monitoring and the attributes of the marine environment monitoring have determined the need to establish a set of sound marine environmental monitoring laws and regulations. The improvement of marine environmental monitoring regulations and related systems is a legal guarantee for strengthening the monitoring of the national marine environment, standardizing the monitoring of activity and establishing a good monitoring order.
Based on the legalization of marine environmental monitoring, the background of environmental monitoring and marine environmental monitoring is clarified, and the background of marine environmental monitoring is studied. The history of the development of marine environmental monitoring in China, the development of marine environmental monitoring and its location and role are reviewed. The monitoring of the marine environment is emphasized. The relevant system construction and the current situation of our country's current marine environment monitoring organization system, and introduce the current marine environment monitoring system, the monitoring body and monitoring network, combined with the current situation of China's marine environmental monitoring system and the status of China's marine environmental monitoring, and analyzed the regulations of the marine environment monitoring in our country. The existing problems in the legal system and the legal regulation of marine environmental monitoring in China are facing challenges and needs. The innovation point of this paper is to discuss the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the legal system of marine environmental monitoring, including the necessity and feasibility of perfecting the legislation of marine environmental monitoring in our country, and perfecting the legislation of marine environmental monitoring in our country. It is suggested that the marine environment monitoring system should be built in accordance with the principle of sustainable development, and that there should be a legal relationship that covers the whole process of marine environmental monitoring activities, including the marine environmental supervision of our country, in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. The principles should be observed, the functions and tasks of marine environmental monitoring, the accreditation of marine monitoring service institutions, the assessment and certification of marine environmental monitoring personnel, the management of marine environmental monitoring data and information, the assessment of marine hazards and marine pollution accidents, the network management of marine environmental monitoring, and the paid service for marine environmental monitoring, The status and role of marine environmental monitoring in the legal referee, so that it can ultimately have a scientific legal basis, so that every link can be in accordance with the law, and can be operated strictly according to the regulations of the law. It also includes the improvement of the standard system for marine environmental monitoring and the establishment of marine environmental monitoring indicators. The system and evaluation model, through the implementation of the rules and regulations to promote the sharing of marine monitoring data, through the marine environmental monitoring environment law to inspire folk forces, public participation in the protection of the marine environment and other suggestions and ideas.
Finally, through the prospect of the construction of marine environmental monitoring regulations, it is hoped that the marine environmental monitoring organization system can be realized through legal regulation, the responsibility and responsibility of the division of labor are clear, the duties of the marine environment, the law and the marine environment monitoring activities are scientific and orderly, and the marine environmental monitoring legal system is further systematized and clear, so that the current marine ring of our country is made. The relationship in environmental monitoring is further straightened out to provide legal protection for the development of marine environmental monitoring in China and better protect China's marine environment.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】