环境刑法的效率分析

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:48

本文选题：经济分析法学 + 环境刑法　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境刑法的效率分析,就是对环境刑法的效率进行分析。本文在此提炼出“环境刑法效率”的概念,作为本文的研究对象,并以其为研究焦点来对环境刑法效率的各方面问题进行研究,进而实现对环境刑法的效率分析。因此,环境刑法的效率分析也可称是环境刑法效率的分析。环境刑法效率是指环境刑法的效率,是在环境刑法目的的范围内,通过环境刑法机制的运行,环境刑法收益与环境刑法成本之间的比例关系对环境刑事法律资源的配置与利用所达到的一种法律状态。从性质上讲,环境刑法效率是环境刑法的法律状态,是环境刑法的法律价值,是环境刑法自我评价的衡量标准。从分类上讲,环境刑法效率从不同角度可以划分为环境刑法的内部效率、外部效率、总效率、平均效率、边际效率、高效率、低效率、负效率。从角色上看,环境刑法效率在环境刑法法律价值中与环境刑法公正是一体的关系。环境刑法效率在环境刑法运行中具体化为环境刑法的立法效率、司法效率、行刑效率,对环境刑法的运行发挥着指导、评价作用。环境刑法的变革过程在效率的视角上是一个不断追求环境刑法效率的过程。环境刑法效率具有系统性的特点,是由一定的要素构成的,具体包括环境刑法机制、环境刑法收益、环境刑法成本、环境刑法目的、环境刑事法律资源配置与利用等五个要素。环境刑法成本包括为环境刑法的自身成本、实现成本、机会成本、不必要的代价。环境刑法成本是环境刑法效率的起点,是衡量环境刑法效率的标准,而环境刑法效率是环境刑法成本的意义所在。环境刑法收益,是指环境刑法通过对环境犯罪行为施加刑事责任与刑罚而获取的一系列的符合环境刑法目的的法律效果和社会效果的总和,包括环境刑法的内部收益与外部收益。内部收益指环境刑法自身内部运行过程中所产生的法律效果,可划分为立法收益司法收益、行刑收益。外部收益是指因环境刑法的运行而使环境犯罪的减少或抑制所带来的有益于社会的收益,具体包括经济收益、社会收益、政治收益、生态收益、文化收益。环境刑法收益体现了环境刑法效率的结果性,是评价环境刑法效率的重要依据,是环境刑法效率的高度。环境刑法机制是环境刑法通过其结构产生功能的方式和过程,具体包括环境刑法的立法机制、司法机制、行刑机制。环境刑法机制是实现环境刑法效率的载体,是实现环境刑法效率的力度,表现在环境刑法机制对环境刑法效率高低的控制力上和环境刑法机制对环境刑法效率实现的推动力上。环境刑法目的是指立法者创制环境刑法并通过适用环境刑法进而对环境犯罪进行惩治所要达到的目标或结果。环境刑法目的包括直接目的和最终追求的根本目的。环境刑法的直接目的是预防环境犯罪,而根本目的是保护环境刑法法益。环境刑法目的是环境刑法效率的向度,是环境刑法效率的衡量标准。环境刑事法律资源的配置与利用的重心是环境刑罚资源即国家为惩治、预防环境犯罪所拥有的各种刑事法律要素的总和。环境刑事法律资源的配置与利用在于环境刑罚权的配置与利用。环境刑事法律资源的配置与利用是环境刑法效率的题中之义,是环境刑法效率的深度。环境刑法效率的实现需要两个特定的内部条件,一是环境刑事法律产品能够有效供给；二是环境刑法收益至少等于环境刑法成本。同时环境刑法效率的实现也受诸多外部因素的影响,这些外部因素包括国家的环境刑事政策、环境刑事法律活动主体的素质、环境刑事法律技术以及环境刑事法律理念。以我国环境刑法为例。我国环境刑法存在着低效率问题,表现在：环境刑法收益不佳、追究环境犯罪的效率低下、环境刑事法律产品供不应求、环境刑法成本较高、环境刑事诉讼效率有待提高、环境刑事法律资源未达到优化配置与充分利用。我国环境刑法的效率需要提高。提高我国环境刑法效率的宏观思路是：最大化提高环境刑法收益、最大化降低环境刑法成本、最佳化完善环境刑法机制、最优化配置、最充分化利用环境刑事法律资源、最大化实现环境刑法目的。而具体对策则为：环境刑事立法要适时,以保证其有效供给和降低时间成本；完善刑事诉讼制度以适应环境刑事诉讼效率的需要。具体包括完善环境犯罪的立案制度、完善环境犯罪的审判级别管辖制度、完善环境刑事案件的诉讼周期、实行举证责任倒置规则、环境犯罪认定引入因果关系推定原则；优化配置环境犯罪刑事案件的侦查权、起诉权；加大环境犯罪的刑罚力度,以实现刑罚资源的合理配置；提高环境刑事法律活动主体的素质；完善环境刑事处罚体系,降低环境犯罪的行刑成本。具体包括应扩大环境犯罪罚金刑的适用范围、应注重运用环境犯罪的资格刑、应注重运用环境犯罪的非刑罚措施；进一步深化司法改革,培育司法效率理念；构建科学合理的环境刑法效率评价指标体系。
[Abstract]:The efficiency analysis of environmental criminal law is to analyze the efficiency of environmental criminal law. In this paper, the concept of "environmental criminal law efficiency" is abstracted, as the research object of this article, and it is the focus of the study to study all aspects of environmental criminal law efficiency, and then to realize the efficiency analysis of environmental criminal law. Therefore, environmental criminal law Efficiency analysis can also be called an analysis of the efficiency of environmental criminal law.
The efficiency of environmental criminal law refers to the efficiency of environmental criminal law. It is a legal form of disposition and utilization of environmental criminal legal resources within the scope of environmental criminal law, through the operation of environmental criminal law mechanism, the proportion of environmental criminal law income and the cost of environmental criminal law. In nature, environmental criminal law efficiency is environmental punishment. The legal state of law is the legal value of environmental criminal law and the standard of self evaluation of environmental criminal law. From the classification, the efficiency of environmental criminal law can be divided into internal efficiency, external efficiency, total efficiency, average efficiency, marginal efficiency, high efficiency, low efficiency and negative efficiency from different angles. The efficiency of environmental criminal law is specific to the legislative efficiency of the environmental criminal law, the efficiency of the judicature, the efficiency of execution and the evaluation of the operation of environmental criminal law. The process of changing environmental criminal law is a constant pursuit in the perspective of efficiency. The process of seeking the efficiency of environmental criminal law.
The efficiency of environmental criminal law is of a systematic feature, which is composed of certain elements, including five factors: environmental criminal law mechanism, environmental criminal law income, environmental criminal law cost, environmental criminal law purpose, environmental criminal legal resources allocation and utilization. The cost of environmental criminal law includes the cost of environmental criminal law, and the cost of opportunity, opportunity cost, The cost of environmental criminal law is the starting point of the efficiency of environmental criminal law, the criterion for measuring the efficiency of environmental criminal law, and the efficiency of environmental criminal law is the meaning of the cost of environmental criminal law. The sum of the legal effect and social effect, including the internal revenue and external income of the environmental criminal law. The internal income refers to the legal effect produced during the internal operation of environmental criminal law, which can be divided into the legal income of the legislative income and the income of execution. The external income is the reduction or suppression of environmental crime because of the operation of environmental criminal law. The benefit from the social benefits, including economic income, social income, political income, ecological income, cultural income. Environmental criminal law income embodies the results of environmental criminal law efficiency, is an important basis for evaluating the efficiency of environmental criminal law, and the efficiency of environmental criminal law. Environmental criminal law mechanism is the structure of environmental criminal law through its structure. The way and process of the birth function include the legislative mechanism, the judicial mechanism and the execution mechanism of the environmental criminal law. The environmental criminal law mechanism is the carrier to realize the efficiency of environmental criminal law and the efficiency of environmental criminal law. It is shown in the control of environmental penal law mechanism to the efficiency of environmental criminal law and the efficiency of environmental criminal law on environmental criminal law. The purpose of environmental criminal law is to refer to the objectives or results that the legislators should achieve in the creation of environmental criminal law and the punishment of environmental crimes by applying environmental criminal law. The purpose of environmental criminal law includes direct purposes and ultimate goals. The direct goal of environmental criminal law is to prevent environmental crimes, and the fundamental purpose is to prevent environmental crimes. The purpose of environmental criminal law is to protect environmental criminal law. The purpose of environmental criminal law is to measure the efficiency of environmental criminal law. It is the criterion for the efficiency of environmental criminal law. The focus of the allocation and utilization of environmental criminal legal resources is the sum of the various criminal legal elements that the environment punishment resources are punished by the state and the prevention of environmental crime. The allocation and utilization of environmental criminal law is the meaning of the efficiency of environmental criminal law and the depth of the efficiency of environmental criminal law.
The realization of the efficiency of environmental criminal law requires two specific internal conditions, one is that environmental criminal law products can be effectively supplied, and the two is that the income of environmental criminal law is at least equal to the cost of environmental criminal law. At the same time, the realization of environmental criminal law efficiency is also influenced by many external factors. These external factors include the environmental criminal policy of the state and environmental criminal. The quality of legal subjects, environment, criminal law and technology, as well as the concept of environmental criminal law.
Taking China's environmental criminal law as an example, the environmental criminal law of our country has a low efficiency problem, which shows that the income of environmental criminal law is poor, the efficiency of environmental crime is low, the environmental criminal law products are in short supply, the cost of environmental criminal law is high, the efficiency of environmental criminal litigation needs to be improved, and the environmental criminal legal resources have not reached the optimal allocation and full benefit. The efficiency of environmental criminal law in China needs to be improved. The macro ideas of improving the efficiency of environmental criminal law in China are: maximizing the income of environmental criminal law, minimizing the cost of environmental criminal law, optimizing the environmental criminal law mechanism, optimizing the allocation, maximizing the use of environmental criminal law resources, and maximizing the purpose of environmental criminal law. The countermeasures are as follows: the environmental criminal legislation should be timely to guarantee its effective supply and reduce the time cost; to improve the criminal procedure system to meet the needs of the efficiency of the environmental criminal procedure. The rule of the inversion of the burden of evidence, the determination of the environmental crime by introducing the principle of causation and causation; optimizing the right to investigate and prosecuting the criminal cases in the environment of the environment; to increase the punishment of the environmental crime; to realize the rational allocation of the penalty resources; to improve the quality of the subject of the environmental criminal law; to improve the environmental criminal punishment system and to reduce the environment The cost of criminal execution, including the scope of the application of environmental crime penalty, should pay attention to the application of the qualification penalty for environmental crime, pay attention to the non penalty measures for the use of environmental crime, further deepen the judicial reform, cultivate the concept of judicial efficiency, and construct a scientific and rational evaluation index system for the efficiency of the environmental criminal law.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924.3;D922.68

【参考文献】