我国煤矿区土地复垦法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 15:15

本文选题：煤矿区 + 土地复垦　；参考：《华中科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭在我国一次性能源消费结构中所占的比例一直是70㳠左右,显然,煤炭在国民经济发展和人民生活中起着重要作用。但煤炭资源的大规模开采,一方面促进了我国经济建设的发展,另一方面又带来了诸多问题,造成煤矿区土地破坏、环境污染和生态失衡,另外,矿区的地表塌陷同时对地面的建筑物、道路、铁路、桥梁和输电线造成不同程度的破坏,在村庄稠密的平原地区,土地塌陷使村庄破坏引起人口迁移。采煤区土地损毁破坏使矿区内耕地面积减少,生态系统和景观遭到破坏,加剧了人口、资源和环境之间的矛盾,影响了煤矿区经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的有机统一,还制约了整个社会的可持续发展。为缓解上述矛盾,需要在法律制度层面,完善土地复垦工作的指导规定,加强采煤区土地复垦工作的建设,贯彻国家“耕地动态平衡”的政策,实现可持续发展。对煤矿区土地复垦法律制度研究的脉络是首先了解采煤区土地复垦相关概念和理论基础,然后介绍美国和德国在土地复垦方面的先进经验,在我国社会可接受的情况下引进他们成功的制度规定,期望为我国土地复垦法制建设的进一步完善提供一点建议。具体来说研究包括四部分:第一部分阐明国内外煤矿区土地复垦通用的涵义以及土地复垦的特点和原则并介绍煤矿区土地复垦依托的理论依据,为后面的研究做铺垫;第二部分分析比较美国和德国在煤矿区土地复垦方面的优越制度,为我国煤矿区土地复垦制度的完善提供先进经验;第三部分深究我国煤矿区土地复垦目前存在的问题以及探讨解决问题的关键所在;第四部分是研究的目的所在,前面研究都是为了最后完善我国煤矿区土地复垦方面的相关制度,其中如何将美国的保证金制度,德国的规划制度结合我国国情引用过来,以及在此基础上实行土地复垦的产业化是重点和难点所在。通过完善制度建设来解决我国煤矿区土地复垦率低的问题是必不可少的一步,因此应该引起足够重视。
[Abstract]:The proportion of coal in China's disposable energy consumption structure has been 70%. About, obviously, coal plays an important role in national economy development and people's life. However, the large-scale exploitation of coal resources, on the one hand, has promoted the development of China's economic construction, on the other hand, has brought many problems, causing land destruction, environmental pollution and ecological imbalance in coal mining areas. The collapse of the surface of the mining area also caused varying degrees of damage to buildings, roads, railways, bridges and power lines on the ground. In the dense plain areas of villages, the land collapse caused the destruction of villages to cause population migration. The destruction of land in coal mining area reduces the area of cultivated land, destroys ecosystem and landscape, intensifies the contradiction between population, resources and environment, and affects the organic unification of economic, social and ecological benefits of coal mining area. It also restricts the sustainable development of the whole society. In order to alleviate the above contradiction, it is necessary to perfect the guiding regulations of land reclamation in the legal system, strengthen the construction of land reclamation in coal mining areas, carry out the national policy of "dynamic balance of cultivated land", and realize the sustainable development. The context of the study on the legal system of land reclamation in coal mining areas is to first understand the related concepts and theoretical basis of land reclamation in coal mining areas, and then introduce the advanced experiences of the United States and Germany in land reclamation. It is hoped that the introduction of their successful regulations under the conditions acceptable to our society will provide some suggestions for the further improvement of the legal system of land reclamation in our country. Specifically, the research includes four parts: the first part clarifies the general meaning, characteristics and principles of land reclamation in coal mine areas at home and abroad, and introduces the theoretical basis of land reclamation in coal mine areas, which lays the groundwork for the later research; The second part analyzes and compares the superior system of land reclamation in coal mine area between the United States and Germany, and provides advanced experience for the improvement of land reclamation system in coal mine area of our country. The third part deeply studies the existing problems of land reclamation in China's coal mining areas and discusses the key to solve the problems; the fourth part is the purpose of the study. The previous studies are all aimed at perfecting the relevant systems of land reclamation in coal mining areas in China. Among them, how to apply the margin system of the United States and the planning system of Germany to the national conditions of our country. And the industrialization of land reclamation on this basis is the key and difficult point. It is an indispensable step to solve the problem of low land reclamation rate in coal mine area by perfecting the system construction, so we should pay enough attention to it.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;TD88

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