论我国水资源的刑法保护

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:07

本文选题：水资源 + 刑法保护　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人口的不断增长和经济的日益发展,我国水污染和水资源浪费日趋严重,水资源已严重匮乏,水短缺甚至已经成为我国经济得以发展的一个瓶颈。面对水资源出现短缺这一现状,各国都开始了普遍重视运用刑法的手段来保护水资源、防治水污染的历程,而且在水污染犯罪的方面都制定了较为严厉的刑事处罚规定。但是,现实中人类社会越来越进步,各种人权主义的呼声越来越强烈,严刑峻法的时代已经远去,与此相伴的是,刑法的“谦抑主义”在立法、司法领域得到扩张。在我国,关于破坏水资源的罪名如此之少,在弱化刑罚手段的今天,似乎这符合常理,但是,当我们了解到一次水污染所造成的人身伤害以及带来的各种疾病远远超过很多起伤害甚至谋杀等刑事案件对人身所造成的损失时,我们就很容易理解为什么主张运用刑事法律的手段来打击严重污染水资源行为的必要性了。而纵览我国的现行刑法,涉及到水方面的犯罪却主要有以下几个:决水罪,过失决水罪,重大环境污染事故罪。从我国刑法的立法意图来看,我国刑法所规定的决水罪以及过失决水罪,不是从危害环境或者破坏资源的角度,而是从危害公共安全的角度对水资源加以保护;同样将污染水体的行为纳入重大环境污染事故罪,更多的是将水作为环境的要素,将水污染作为危害公民身体健康、生命安全的因素,而不是将其作为一种资源来加以保护。在水资源短缺的现实逼迫下,在世界各国普遍重视运用刑法手段保护水资源的背景下,我们有必要积极行动起来,完善水资源的刑法保护。如何具体完善我国水资源的刑法保护,有必要去借鉴那些环境刑事立法发达的国家,如日本、德国和美国在这些方面的具体做法。日本、德国和美国在刑事手段的运用方面,在刑罚的适用方面以及关于危险犯的规定方面都是我国需要借鉴的。在我国当前的具体国情下,通过分析我国水资源的刑法保护的现状,并与国外的相关立法实践进行对比,提出我国水资源刑法保护方面的完善建议。具体来说,我们应该在宏观上确立人与自然协调发展的这一立法理念,在具体的立法中,我们应该从增加犯罪罪名、完善犯罪构成的客观方面以及完善相应的刑罚体系方面来解决我国水资源短缺的现状,以期能对我国水资源的保护实践提供一个更为健全、有效的依据。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of population and the development of economy, water pollution and waste of water resources are becoming more and more serious in our country. Water resources have been seriously lacking, and water shortage has even become a bottleneck for the development of our economy. Faced with the shortage of water resources, all countries have begun to attach importance to the use of criminal law to protect water resources and prevent water pollution. However, in reality, the human society is getting more and more progressive, the voice of all kinds of human rights doctrine is more and more strong, the era of severe punishment has passed away, with this, the "modesty and restraint doctrine" of criminal law has been expanded in the field of legislation and judicature. In our country, there are so few charges of destroying water resources, which seems to be reasonable today at a time when we are weakening the means of punishment, but, When we learned that the personal injury caused by a single water pollution and the various diseases caused by it far exceeded the damage caused by many criminal cases, such as injury or even murder, It is easy to understand why it is necessary to advocate the use of criminal law to combat serious pollution of water resources. But if we look at the current criminal law of our country, there are mainly several crimes related to water: the crime of water execution, the crime of negligent punishment of water, and the crime of serious environmental pollution accident. From the point of view of the legislative intention of the criminal law of our country, the crime of water conviction and the crime of manslaughter in the criminal law of our country are not from the angle of harming the environment or destroying the resources, but protecting the water resources from the angle of endangering the public safety. In the same way, the behavior of polluting water body is brought into the crime of major environmental pollution accident. It is more important to regard water as an element of the environment and water pollution as a factor that endangers the health and safety of citizens, rather than as a kind of resource to protect it. Under the pressure of the shortage of water resources and under the background that countries all over the world attach importance to the protection of water resources by means of criminal law, it is necessary for us to take active action to perfect the criminal law protection of water resources. How to improve the criminal law protection of water resources in our country, it is necessary to draw lessons from the specific practices of countries with developed environmental criminal legislation, such as Japan, Germany and the United States. Japan, Germany and the United States in the use of criminal means, in the application of penalties and the provisions on dangerous crimes are required for our country to learn. Under the current situation of our country, through analyzing the present situation of the criminal law protection of water resources in our country, and comparing it with the relevant legislative practice of foreign countries, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the criminal law protection of water resources in our country. Specifically, we should establish the legislative concept of coordinated development between man and nature at the macro level. In the specific legislation, we should increase the crime of crime. In order to provide a more sound and effective basis for the protection of water resources in China, the objective aspects of crime constitution and the corresponding penalty system can be improved to solve the current situation of water resources shortage in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D924.3;D922.66

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