和谐社会视域下的我国农村环境侵权问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 22:47

本文选题：和谐社会 + 农村环境侵权　；参考：《南昌大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：构建社会主义和谐社会离不开和谐稳定的农村社会的支持,实现全面小康社会的宏伟目标更离不开农村经济社会的繁荣稳定。但是,因工业及其副产品侵蚀土地,农业所仰赖的耕地、水源,在不少地区受到很大的污染,农民为了保护农地,维持生产,不得不支付或投入更多的努力和资金；农村作为农民生活的最终栖息地,已在遭受来自城市、工业区更多更严重的环境损害,为守住家园,延续后代,农民必需增加更多的生活成本,以致超过其自身能力；农村环境损害也带来农业生产的萎缩,还使农民的健康受影响进而使其生产生活能力下降。上述对农民和农村带来严重负面影响的农村环境侵权问题由于其隐性且分散,至今尚未被社会主流认知,更遑论引起足够的重视。根据笔者的调查、了解,农村环境侵权问题主要体现在：1、侵权人向农村转嫁污染,排放污染物等行为,如甘肃的血铅和福建等金矿业的重金属污染事件；2、污水灌溉污染耕地；3、固体废弃物堆存占地与毁田；4、农药化肥的过度使用等。造成农村环境损害成因主要有：1、国家公共政策的偏差；2、乡镇企业和地方政府的招商引资,特别是在经济欠发达地区政府为了发展经济不惜以牺牲环境为代价；3、法律的缺失和农民环境维权意识的淡薄等。本文的重点是新农村建设进程中如何切实有力地保护好农村的生态环境；让农民有更好的、更优美的栖息地,促进农村地区和谐、可持续地发展。为此,笔者提出了,调整国家公共环境政策,统筹城乡协调发展；鼓励和支持农村民间环保组织建设；改变农村官员政绩考核制度；完善相关法律,构建农村环境侵权的公益诉讼制度等。以期为农村环境优化,农民安居乐业做点贡献。
[Abstract]:The construction of a harmonious socialist society can not be separated from the support of a harmonious and stable rural society, and the grand goal of achieving a well-off society in an all-round way is even more inseparable from the prosperity and stability of the rural economy and society. However, due to the erosion of land by industry and its by-products, the arable land and water sources on which agriculture depends, in many areas, farmers have to pay or invest more efforts and funds in order to protect agricultural land and maintain production. As the ultimate habitat of farmers' life, rural areas have suffered more and more serious environmental damage from cities and industrial areas. In order to protect their homes and continue their future generations, farmers must increase their living costs and exceed their own capabilities. Environmental damage in rural areas also leads to the contraction of agricultural production and the decline of farmers' health and their ability to produce and live. The problem of environmental tort in rural areas, which has a serious negative impact on farmers and rural areas, has not been recognized by the mainstream of society, let alone paid enough attention to, because of its recessive and scattered nature. According to the author's investigation, it is understood that the problem of environmental infringement in rural areas is mainly reflected in the behavior of "1: 1", where the infringer transfers pollution and releases pollutants to the countryside. For example, the heavy metal pollution events of blood lead in Gansu Province and gold mining in Fujian Province, sewage irrigation polluted farmland 3, solid waste storage and destruction of farmland 4, pesticide and fertilizer overuse, and so on. The main causes of causing environmental damage in rural areas are: 1: 1, deviation of national public policies, investment by township enterprises and local governments, Especially in the economically underdeveloped areas, the government does not hesitate to sacrifice the environment for the development of economy, the lack of laws and the weak awareness of farmers' environmental rights, and so on. The focus of this paper is how to protect the rural ecological environment effectively in the process of new rural construction, to make farmers have better and more beautiful habitat, to promote the harmonious and sustainable development of rural areas. Therefore, the author proposes to adjust the national public environmental policy, to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, to encourage and support the construction of rural non-governmental environmental protection organizations, to change the performance assessment system of rural officials, to improve the relevant laws, Construction of rural environmental tort public interest litigation system. With a view to optimizing the rural environment, farmers make some contributions to live and work in peace and contentment.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6

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