船舶油污损害赔偿基金法律制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 15:50

本文选题：船舶油污损害 + 国内油污基金　；参考：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国作为主要的发展中国家,经济发展速度举世瞩目,其对能源的需求和消耗也与日俱增。目前,我国已成为仅次于美国的世界第二大石油进口国和消费国。2009年,我国的原油进口量首次突破了2亿吨,其中有近九成的进口石油是通过海船运输的。随着我国经济的快速发展,在沿海及与海相通的可航水域,船舶碰撞或搁浅所引起的污染事故频频发生。随着中国石油进口量的快速上升及海上石油运输量和港口石油吞吐量的迅猛增长,由承载船舶带来的油污损害威胁也日渐加剧。为此,在我国内地既没有加入任何基金公约也没有油污损害赔偿的相关立法的背景下,一旦发生船舶油污事故,油污受害人的索赔要求将很难得到满足。因此建立既合乎石油货主和承运人利益又能对油污受害人进行充分赔偿的“油污损害赔偿基金”变得十分必要和迫切。本文主要通过相关的国际公约和2010年3月1日起开始施行的《防治船舶污染海洋环境管理条例》,介绍和分析国际上主要的基金立法模式及探讨我国设立油污损害赔偿基金可以借鉴或采取的模式。本文除引言和结语外的主体部分包括四章。第一章介绍了国内外有关船舶油污损害赔偿的立法概况,包括：国际公约、国内立法和行业协议。第二章主要通过对未加入基金公约会面临的风险及目前加入基金公约的弊端进行分析,阐述了我国建立国内油污基金的必要性。第三章主要通过对国际上采用的几种主要的油污基金模式进行比较、分析,进而探讨我国油污赔偿基金可以借鉴的模式。第四章主要是关于我国油污赔偿基金法律制度的构建,参照国际公约及英美法有关油污基金的规定,笔者对我国建立的油污基金制度需要解决的关键问题,如基金的运行模式、基金的来源、基金的免责事由和赔偿范围等提出了一些意见和建议。希冀本文能给我国油污赔偿基金制度的构建提供一些有益的参考。
[Abstract]:As a major developing country, China's economic growth rate has attracted worldwide attention, and its energy demand and consumption are increasing day by day. At present, China has become the world's second largest oil importer and consumer after the United States. In 2009, China's crude oil imports exceeded 200 million tons for the first time, and nearly 90% of the imported oil was transported by sea vessels. With the rapid development of China's economy, pollution accidents caused by collision or grounding of ships occur frequently along the coast and navigable waters connected with the sea. With the rapid increase of China's oil import volume and the rapid growth of offshore oil transportation volume and port oil throughput, the threat of oil pollution damage caused by carrying ships is also increasing day by day. Therefore, under the background that the mainland of China has neither joined any fund convention nor the relevant legislation on compensation for oil pollution damage, once a ship oil pollution accident occurs, it will be difficult to satisfy the claims of the oil pollution victims. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to establish the "Oil pollution compensation Fund", which is not only in the interests of oil cargo owners and carriers, but also can make full compensation to the victims of oil pollution. Through the relevant international conventions and the regulations on the Prevention and Control of Marine Environment pollution from March 1, 2010, this paper introduces and analyzes the major international fund legislation models and probes into the establishment of oil pollution damage in China. Compensation fund can learn from or adopt the model. The main part of this paper consists of four chapters except the introduction and conclusion. The first chapter introduces the domestic and foreign legislation on compensation for oil pollution damage, including: international conventions, domestic legislation and industry agreements. In the second chapter, the author analyzes the risks and disadvantages of not joining the fund convention, and expounds the necessity of establishing domestic oil pollution fund in our country. The third chapter mainly through the international use of several major oil pollution fund models, analysis, and then explore the oil pollution compensation fund in China can learn from the model. The fourth chapter is mainly about the construction of China's oil pollution compensation fund legal system, referring to the international conventions and the provisions of Anglo-American law on oil pollution fund, the author of the oil pollution fund system established in China need to solve the key problems, such as the operating mode of the fund. The source of the fund, the exemption of the fund and the scope of compensation put forward some comments and suggestions. It is hoped that this paper can provide some useful reference for the construction of oil pollution compensation fund system in China.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D923

【引证文献】