城市生活垃圾管理体制的改革与完善

发布时间：2018-05-05 16:41

本文选题：生活垃圾 + 管理体制　；参考：《华东政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 生活垃圾,是指在日常生活中或者为日常生活提供服务的活动中产生的固体废物以及法律、行政法规规定视为生活垃圾的固体废物。由于“垃圾问题”具有隐蔽、不宜发现的特征,使得“垃圾问题”受到公众关注的程度也就比较低。长期以来,我们一直针对工业污染制定了大量的环境政策,而对生活型污染的防治和应对却鲜有关注。在伴随中国经济迅猛发展的同时,我国的环境污染问题已经逐渐开始由工业型污染向生活型污染的转变,生活型污染已经成为继工业型污染的之后的又一大类型的环境问题。而现行的城市生活垃圾管理体制严重阻碍了对垃圾管理的高效运行。本文在分析我国目前城市生活垃圾管理体制现状的基础上,针对垃圾管理体制有效性不足的问题,提出了若干改革建议。文章共分三章: 第一章为城市生活垃圾管理体制概述。本文以政府垃圾管理职能为研究政府垃圾管理体制的逻辑起点,简要分析了政府垃圾管理的准公共产品属性,明确了对垃圾的管理是政府公共职能的题中之义。在介绍我国目前垃圾管理体制现状的基础上,着重分析了目前的城市生活垃圾管理体制存在的不足:1、垃圾管理机构职能设置不够科学合理;2、城市垃圾管理职能实施的约束和保障不足;3、政府垃圾管理职能转换的社会支撑基础薄弱,进一步指出目前的城市生活垃圾管理体制严重制约了对垃圾的有效管理。第二章为城市生活垃圾管理体制改革的理论基础。文章指出我国目前垃圾问题日益凸显、市场经济体制的进一步深化、行政管理体制改革的推进、循环经济的影响成为我国垃圾管理体制改革的诱因。结合政府职能转变,市场与政府功能一体化理论,进一步阐述了城市生活垃圾管理体制改革的理论基础。第三章对我国现行城市生活垃圾管理体制改革提出建议。本章提出城市垃圾管理体制改革的方向是政府引导、市场调节、公众参与、行业支撑,充分发挥非营利组织的作用;城市生活垃圾管理体制改革的目标是:1、明确职责,建立综合统一和协调机制;2、政企分开,推进政府垃圾管理职能的科学运作;3、加强监管,提高宏观和综合管理能力;4、全过程监管,完善政府的垃圾管理职能实施的机制;5、深化环卫体制改革,促进垃圾产业化发展。本文的创新之处在于提出建立具有综合性、协调性、全国性的环境与资源管理委员会,通过高规格的环境与资源委员会建立,切实解决城市生活垃圾管理体制有效性不足的问题。文章最后提出了改革垃圾管理体制的具体路径选择。
[Abstract]:Domestic waste refers to the solid waste produced in daily life or in the activities of providing services for daily life, as well as the solid waste which is regarded as domestic waste as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations. Due to the hidden and undetectable characteristics of the garbage problem, the public attention to the garbage problem is relatively low. For a long time, we have made a large number of environmental policies against industrial pollution, but little attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of life-type pollution. With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the problem of environmental pollution in China has gradually begun to change from industrial pollution to life-type pollution, which has become another kind of environmental problem after industrial pollution. The current municipal solid waste management system seriously hinders the efficient operation of waste management. Based on the analysis of the present situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in China, this paper puts forward some reform suggestions in view of the insufficient effectiveness of MSW management system. The article is divided into three chapters: The first chapter is an overview of municipal solid waste management system. This paper takes the government garbage management function as the logical starting point to study the government garbage management system, briefly analyzes the quasi-public product attribute of the government garbage management, and clarifies the meaning of the garbage management is the government public function. On the basis of introducing the current situation of garbage management system in China, This paper emphatically analyzes the deficiency of the current municipal solid waste management system: 1, the function setting of the garbage management organization is not scientific and reasonable, the restriction and guarantee of the implementation of the municipal waste management function is insufficient, the transformation of the government garbage management function is also discussed. The foundation of social support is weak, Furthermore, it is pointed out that the current management system of municipal solid waste (MSW) seriously restricts the effective management of MSW. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the reform of municipal solid waste management system. The article points out that the garbage problem is becoming more and more prominent in our country, the further deepening of the market economy system, the promotion of the reform of the administrative management system and the influence of the circular economy are the inducements for the reform of the garbage management system in our country. Combined with the transformation of government functions and the theory of integration of market and government functions, the theoretical basis of the reform of municipal solid waste management system is further expounded. The third chapter puts forward some suggestions on the reform of current municipal solid waste management system in China. This chapter points out that the direction of urban waste management system reform is government guidance, market regulation, public participation, industry support and giving full play to the role of non-profit organizations. To establish a comprehensive unified and coordinated mechanism, to separate government from enterprises, to promote the scientific operation of government waste management functions, to strengthen supervision, to improve macro and comprehensive management capabilities, and to supervise the whole process. To perfect the mechanism of implementing the government's garbage management function, deepen the reform of sanitation system and promote the development of garbage industrialization. The innovation of this paper lies in the establishment of a comprehensive, coordinated, national environmental and resource management committee, established through a high specification environment and resources committee. We will effectively solve the problem of insufficient effectiveness of the municipal solid waste management system. Finally, the article puts forward the specific path choice to reform the garbage management system.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：X321;F299.241;D922.68

【参考文献】