关于构建我国地下水水权交易制度的思考

发布时间：2018-05-06 00:07

本文选题：地下水水权 + 地下水水权交易　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下水的开发利用在我国具有悠久的历史,数千年前的远古时期就有“掘井而饮”和“凿井以灌田”的实例。地下水资源的合理开发利用对保障经济社会持续快速发展发挥了十分重要的作用。目前我国许多地区地下水资源短缺,地下水超采严重,供需矛盾日益尖锐,己经成为制约我国经济社会发展的重要因素,单纯运用行政手段进行分配和管理的方式己不能适应社会主义市场经济的发展需要。如何实现地下水资源的高效利用和优化配置是摆在我们面前的迫切任务,而解决这一问题的关键即是建立地下水水权交易市场,实行地下水水权交易制度。从经济角度来看,通过交易重新分配水量,可以使水量从低经济价值的区域向更高经济价值的区域转移;从环境的角度看,用水户能通过交易的方式得到水,就不会挤占环境用水,从而为环境用水提供了“压力释放”机制;此外,允许地下水水权持有者出售其通过提高用水效率而节余的水量,也有利于提高人们投资节水的积极性。本文在可持续发展观的指导下,运用理论与实际相结合的方法,在第一部分对地下水水权交易进行了概述,并对地下水水权进行了界定;在第二部分,主要对地下水水权交易制度构建的可行性和必要性进行了分析;第三部分中,对以美国和澳大利亚为代表的国外的地下水水权交易概况进行了分析;后两部分则是在前面分析论证的基础上,就如何构建我国的地下水水权交易制度提出了自己的建议,主要包括以下几方面:地下水水权的初始分配;地下水水权交易市场的建立;地下水水权交易市场制度的建设:完善地下水水权交易的相关法律法规。该制度的建立,有助于提高地下水资源利用率,缓解目前地下水资源利用的严峻形势;有利于推动我国水权制度和水资源行政管理体制的改革,加强对地下水资源开发、利用和保护的管理;有利于发挥经济手段在优化配置地下水资源方面的作用,建立具有社会主义特色的水资源市场机制;实现地下水资源的可持续开发利用,促进经济、社会和环境的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The exploitation and utilization of groundwater has a long history in our country. Thousands of years ago, there were examples of "digging wells and drinking" and "sinking wells to irrigate fields". The rational development and utilization of groundwater resources plays a very important role in ensuring the sustained and rapid development of economy and society. At present, many areas of our country are short of groundwater resources, the groundwater is overexploited seriously, and the contradiction between supply and demand is becoming more and more acute, which has become an important factor restricting the economic and social development of our country. Distribution and management by administrative means alone can not meet the needs of the development of socialist market economy. How to realize the efficient utilization and optimal allocation of groundwater resources is an urgent task in front of us. The key to solve this problem is to establish the groundwater water rights trading market and implement the groundwater water rights trading system. From an economic point of view, water can be transferred from low-value regions to areas of higher economic value through transaction redistribution; from an environmental point of view, water users can obtain water through trading. Environmental water use would not be crowded out, thus providing a "pressure release" mechanism for environmental water use; moreover, allowing groundwater rights holders to sell the amount of water they had saved by increasing water use efficiency would also increase the incentive to invest in water conservation. Under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development, using the method of combining theory with practice, this paper summarizes the trade of groundwater water right in the first part, and defines the groundwater water right in the second part. The paper mainly analyzes the feasibility and necessity of establishing groundwater water right trading system, the third part analyzes the general situation of groundwater water right trading abroad, which is represented by the United States and Australia. The last two parts are based on the previous analysis and argumentation, and put forward their own suggestions on how to construct the groundwater water right trading system in our country, mainly including the following aspects: the initial distribution of groundwater water right; The establishment of groundwater water rights trading market, the establishment of groundwater water rights trading market system, the improvement of groundwater water rights trading laws and regulations. The establishment of this system will help to improve the utilization rate of groundwater resources, alleviate the severe situation of groundwater resources utilization at present, promote the reform of water rights system and water resources administration system in China, and strengthen the development of groundwater resources. The management of utilization and protection is conducive to giving full play to the role of economic means in optimizing the allocation of groundwater resources, establishing a market mechanism for water resources with socialist characteristics, realizing the sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources, and promoting the economy, Sustainable social and environmental development
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.66

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