突发环境事件应急法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 12:55

本文选题：突发事件 + 突发环境事件　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,我国正处于改革发展的关键时期,在体制转换、结构调整和社会变革的过程中,各类社会问题易发多发,特别是人与自然的矛盾随着工业化进程的不断加速而日益尖锐,而在人与自然的各类矛盾中,又以突发环境事件为主要代表。突发环境事件由于具有发生时间、空间不确定性、影响范围大、处置复杂等特点,而对社会生产生活乃至人类身体健康、生命安全带来巨大威胁,是构建和谐社会的“不定时炸弹”。目前,关于突发环境事件应急的法律规定在我国宪法中还是一片空白,而诸如环境保护法、水污染防治法、大气污染防治法等法律对应对突发环境事件也规定不足。2006年我国颁布了《国家突发环境事件应急预案》,作为应对突发环境事件的专门规定,这是建设环境应急法律制度的里程碑式事件。然而,面对错综复杂、瞬息万变的社会生活,这部预案存在着法律位阶较低、可操作性差、对公众参与关注不足、与其他环境法律衔接不流畅等问题,并不能完全满足环境应急的需要。本文由五个部分组成。在第一章,导论部分,首先会对研究背景、研究的目的和意义、研究理论、国内外研究现状、研究思路及研究方法、创新点等基本问题进行阐述;在明确研究目的、背景等基本问题后,本文在第二章着重分析了突发环境事件的相关内容,主要包括突发环境事件概念的界定、突发环境事件产生原因及危害、突发环境事件的特征及本质。突发环境事件的频频发生,不仅不利于贯彻落实科学发展观,还是建设和谐社会的一大障碍;为进行比较研究,本文在第三章中介绍了美国、日本、俄罗斯、德国这几个国家的突发环境事件应急法律现状,总体上说,西方发达国家的突发环境事件应急法律相对完善,应急体系也比较科学,他们的经验可以给我们完善我国的突发环境应急法律现状提供一些启示;在分析完其他国家的应急现状后,第四章分析了我国的突发环境事件应急现状,包括立法现状、执法现状、公众参与现状、信息发布现状等内容,虽然我国已经基本建立起中国特色的社会主义法律体系,但是突发环境事件应急方面的法律规定还需要不断完善;针对我国目前突发环境事件应急存在的问题,第五章提出了完善突发环境事件应急立法、严格环境执法、推进信息发布、丰富应急保障、落实法律奖惩规定等对策。本文的创新点在提议建立突发环境事件的生态补偿机制,在解决补偿者与被补偿者、量化补偿标准、规定生态补偿资金来源、将一次性补偿与长期性补偿相结合等问题的基础上,逐步建立起突发环境事件的生态补偿机制。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in a critical period of reform and development. In the process of system transformation, structural adjustment and social change, various social problems are prone to occur, especially the contradiction between man and nature is becoming increasingly acute with the accelerating process of industrialization. In all kinds of contradictions between man and nature, unexpected environmental events are the main representatives. Because of the characteristics of time, spatial uncertainty, wide range of influence, complex disposal and so on, unexpected environmental events pose a great threat to the social production and life, even to the health and safety of human beings. It is the "time bomb" of building a harmonious society. At present, the legal provisions on environmental emergencies are still blank in the Constitution of our country, such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Water pollution Prevention and Control Law, Laws such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air pollution also have insufficient provisions for responding to environmental emergencies. In 2006, China promulgated the National Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies, which is a special provision for dealing with environmental emergencies. This is a milestone in the construction of an environmental emergency legal system. However, in the face of a complex and rapidly changing social life, this plan has problems such as low legal rank, poor operability, insufficient attention to public participation, and fluid convergence with other environmental laws. It does not fully meet the environmental emergency needs. This paper consists of five parts. In the first chapter, introduction, the background, the purpose and significance of the research, the research theory, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research ideas and methods, the innovation points and so on are discussed. After the background and other basic problems, this paper focuses on the analysis of the emergency environmental events in the second chapter, including the definition of the concept of environmental emergencies, the causes and hazards of sudden environmental events, the characteristics and nature of unexpected environmental events. The frequent occurrence of unexpected environmental events is not only not conducive to the implementation of the scientific concept of development, but also a major obstacle to building a harmonious society. In the third chapter, this paper introduces the United States, Japan, Russia, in order to carry out a comparative study. On the whole, the emergency laws of the western developed countries are relatively perfect, and the emergency system is relatively scientific. Their experience can provide us with some enlightenment to improve the legal situation of environmental emergencies in our country. After analyzing the current situation of emergency in other countries, the fourth chapter analyzes the current situation of emergent environmental emergencies in China, including the current situation of legislation. The current situation of law enforcement, public participation, information release and other content, although China has basically established a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, but the emergency of environmental emergencies in the legal provisions still need to be constantly improved; In view of the existing problems of environmental emergencies in China, the fifth chapter puts forward some countermeasures, such as perfecting emergency legislation, enforcing environmental law strictly, promoting information release, enriching emergency protection, and carrying out legal rewards and punishments. The innovation of this paper is to propose the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism for environmental emergencies, to solve the compensator and compensator, to quantify the compensation standard, and to specify the source of ecological compensation funds. Based on the combination of one-time compensation and long-term compensation, the ecological compensation mechanism of unexpected environmental events is established step by step.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】