采矿权人的环境保护义务研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 12:54

本文选题：矿产资源利用 + 采矿权　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来,随着经济的飞速发展,在矿产资源利用过程中,产生了一系列严重的生态环境问题,诸如植被破坏、水土流失、土地塌陷、水污染、大气污染等等。这些问题严重影响了人类的生存环境,影响了人类的健康,于是引起了一个新的值得讨论的话题—谁来保护、如何保护矿区环境?环境遭到破环和污染,究其原因最根本的是我国的矿产资源利用制度。《物权法》、《矿产资源法》等法律的规定不完善,导致对采矿权人的义务规定不具体、强制性不强、环境保护的成本过低、环境监督管理弱化等。环境权理论的产生及实践对采矿权人的环境保护义务产生了积极的意义,使得采矿权人不仅成为享有环境权利的主体,更成为环境保护义务的责任主体,具有了法律应该强制的,实现公共利益必须的义务。而且随着环境权的产生,可持续发展的理论在经济发展中被重视起来,这使得采矿权人的节约、合理开采义务,采矿后的矿区恢复义务等开始被重视。采矿权人的环境保护义务包括预防性义务和在开采中的义务。预防性的环境保护义务主要体现在采矿权人环境影响评价报告义务上,即采矿权人通过制定开采计划、对周围环境的考察及开采中可能产生的环境问题的预测,最终提出解决环境的措施,形成环境影响评价报告。开采过程中采矿权人的环境保护义务,包括建立矿山环境保护专门机构,预防和治理污染,植被的恢复绿化等等。另外,因为合理开采矿产资源对环境保护有重要的意义,采矿权人也应当通过规范开采技术、综合利用、对尾矿等进行再利用等合理开采矿产资源并有效的防止环境坡坏和污染等。采矿权人要履行上述关于环境保护的义务,应当通过缴纳补偿金的方式来完成,这一制度称环境补偿制度。国家在这一制度中起到非常重要的作用,国土资源部和地方国土资源行政管理部门要严格执行环境补偿制度的有关规定,监督采矿权人履行环境保护的义务,最终有效的防止矿产资源开发利用过程中产生的各种环境问题。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, a series of serious ecological environmental problems have emerged in the process of mineral resources utilization, such as vegetation destruction, soil erosion, land collapse, water pollution, air pollution and so on. These problems have seriously affected the living environment and health of human beings, thus giving rise to a new topic worthy of discussion-who will protect and how to protect the environment of mining areas? The most fundamental reason for the environmental damage and pollution is the system of mineral resources utilization in our country. The provisions of the laws such as the property Law and the Mineral Resources Law are not perfect, resulting in the unspecific and compulsory provisions on the obligations of mining rights holders. The cost of environmental protection is too low and environmental supervision and management is weakened. The emergence and practice of environmental rights theory has positive significance to the environmental protection obligations of mining rights, which makes mining rights owners become not only the subject of environmental rights, but also the responsible subject of environmental protection obligations. Have the obligation that the law should enforce, realize public interest must. With the emergence of environmental rights, the theory of sustainable development has been attached importance to in the economic development, which makes mining rights to save, reasonable mining obligations, mining recovery obligations and so on began to be attached importance. The environmental protection obligations of mining owners include precautionary obligations and obligations in mining. The obligation of preventive environmental protection is mainly embodied in the obligation to report on environmental impact assessment of mining rights, that is, through drawing up a mining plan, the mining owner inspects the surrounding environment and predicts the environmental problems that may arise in mining. Finally, the measures to solve the environment are put forward, and the environmental impact assessment report is formed. In the process of mining, the environmental protection obligations of the mining rights owner include the establishment of a special organization for mine environmental protection, the prevention and control of pollution, the restoration and greening of vegetation, and so on. In addition, because the rational exploitation of mineral resources is of great significance to environmental protection, mining rights should also be comprehensively utilized by standardizing mining techniques. Reasonable exploitation of mineral resources and prevention of environmental slope damage and pollution are carried out by reusing tailings and so on. In order to fulfill the obligations of environmental protection mentioned above, the mining owner should pay compensation, which is called the environmental compensation system. The state plays a very important role in this system. The Ministry of Land and Resources and the local administrative departments of land and resources should strictly implement the relevant provisions of the environmental compensation system and supervise the mining rights holders to fulfill their obligations of environmental protection. Finally, it can effectively prevent all kinds of environmental problems in the process of mineral resources exploitation and utilization.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.6

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