我国环境保护政府职责研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 08:54

本文选题：环境保护 + 政府职责　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境保护的政府职责，是指政府作为社会管理工作的主体，在环境保护领域的职权范围内，所拥有的管理环境相关事务的组织职能，以及完成环境管理工作的使命。职责，侧重强调政府必须积极主动去履行的义务。由于政府在环境保护中经常担负着双主体的身份，所以其职责内容主要体现在以下两个方面：首先，作为国家行政职能的执行者，政府依法赋予企事业单位、社会组织和公民，开发利用国家自然资源、向环境排放一定限度污染物的权利。其次，作为公共利益的维护者，政府必须制定法律和政策，对环境资源进行实时保护管理，采取措施制裁危害环境和非法利用资源的各种行为。可见，政府对于环境质量的重要性是举足轻重的。但是在当今社会，现代化需求日益强烈，人类活动日益频繁，，高污染工业的发展对生态环境破坏严重。而长期以来，政府对环境职责不作为、乱作为的现象却十分普遍，究其原因，很大程度上是因为我国各项法律法规规章，对政府环境保护职责的相关规定不够明确具体，甚至有在很多方面存在政府职责缺失的现象。所有这些问题都严重地影响了我国环境与经济的协调发展，进而影响到了公民的生活质量。因此，完善政府环境保护职责，势在必行。对政府在环境保护中的职责问题，笔者从环境保护政府职责的定义出发，探讨了环境保护政府职责的具体内容。接着通过介绍国内外对环境保护政府职责的确认现状，从而比较观察我国环境保护政府职责现存的问题。例如，美国在严格遵守联邦法律整体框架的基础上，各州又制定了更为严格的环境法律和政策，确保了法律体系的一致性和完整性，而我国却因环境行政法律数量多，造成权力主体交叉，职责不清，从而影响了环境法律的有效性。本文的重点部分主要从如何完善我国政府环境保护职责问题展开，其中，首先探讨了环境保护政府职责主体的完善，明确各级政府及其职能部门环境保护的基本职责，以及各级政府及其职能部门在环境保护中的权限分工。其次，对环境保护政府职责具体制度的提出改进提出建议。本文从环境行政规划与许可，环境行政合同与指导，环境行政强制执行与处罚制度等几个方面，详细地讨论了如何对环境保护政府职责进行完善。最后，笔者分别从不同方面阐述了如何对政府职责进行有效监督，以及在政府履行职责失当的情况下，如何进行责任的追究。
[Abstract]:The governmental responsibility of environmental protection refers to the organizational function of the government, as the main body of social management, in the field of environmental protection, to manage environmental related affairs, and to complete the mission of environmental management. The duty emphasizes the obligation that the government must take the initiative to fulfill. As the government often bears the status of dual subject in environmental protection, its responsibility is mainly embodied in the following two aspects: first, as the executive of the state administrative function, the government is legally entrusted to enterprises, institutions, social organizations and citizens. The right to exploit and utilize the country's natural resources and to discharge certain amount of pollutants to the environment. Secondly, as a defender of public interest, the government must formulate laws and policies to protect and manage environmental resources in real time, and take measures to punish all kinds of actions that harm the environment and illegally utilize resources. Thus, the importance of government to environmental quality is very important. However, in today's society, the demand for modernization is becoming increasingly strong, human activities are becoming more and more frequent, and the development of high-pollution industries has seriously damaged the ecological environment. For a long time, however, the phenomenon of government inaction on environmental duty and misbehavior is very common. To a large extent, the reasons are due to the laws and regulations of our country, and the relevant provisions of government environmental protection duties are not clear and specific enough. There is even a lack of government responsibility in many ways. All these problems have seriously affected the coordinated development of environment and economy in China, and further affected the quality of life of citizens. Therefore, it is imperative to perfect the responsibility of government environmental protection. As to the responsibility of the government in environmental protection, the author discusses the specific contents of the responsibility of the environmental protection government from the definition of the responsibility of the environmental protection government. Then, by introducing the status quo of environmental protection government's responsibility at home and abroad, this paper compares and observes the existing problems of our country's environmental protection government's responsibility. For example, on the basis of strict compliance with the overall framework of federal laws, the states have formulated more stringent environmental laws and policies to ensure the consistency and integrity of the legal system, while our country has a large number of environmental administrative laws. Causes the power main body to cross, the duty is not clear, thus has affected the environmental law validity. The key part of this paper mainly starts from how to perfect the responsibility of environmental protection of our government. Firstly, it discusses the perfection of the main body of the responsibility of environmental protection, and clarifies the basic duties of environmental protection of governments at all levels and their functional departments. And all levels of government and its functional departments in environmental protection in the division of authority. Secondly, some suggestions are put forward to improve the specific system of environmental protection. This paper discusses in detail how to improve the responsibility of environmental protection government from the aspects of environmental administrative planning and licensing, environmental administrative contract and guidance, environmental administrative enforcement and punishment system. Finally, the author explains from different aspects how to effectively supervise the responsibility of the government, and how to investigate the responsibility in the case of improper performance of the responsibility of the government.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.6

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