《压载水公约》生效给我国带来的挑战及我国的法律对策

发布时间：2018-05-22 08:24

本文选题：船舶压载水 + 《压载水公约》　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自《国际船舶压载水与沉积物控制和管理公约》(简称《压载水公约》)于2004年2月13日在伦敦通过后,经过了漫长12年的全球共同努力,随着芬兰于2016年9月8日的加入,宣告该公约正式达到生效条件,从而确定了公约的正式生效时间即2017年9月8日。公约的生效,对于我国来说,是机遇与挑战并存。如何应对挑战,将挑战转化为发展的契机,对于目前我国的压载水控制和管理是十分有必要且迫在眉睫。本文分为四部分,具体为:第一部分主要从船舶压载水概述的角度,引出压载水随意排放带来的海洋生物入侵的特征、危害,指明我国面临的船舶船舶压载随意排放带来的生物入侵引发频繁的生态灾害问题。第二部分介绍《压载水公约》,以及在公约通过之前各国采取的单边立法措施,提出我国在应对公约生效时在压载水问题上任重而道远。第三部分主要是分析公约生效给我国带来的挑战,我国目前尚未加入该公约,但公约没有给非缔约国任何优惠待遇以及公约的追溯性等原因导致了我国在压载水监督与管理的问题上的被动。我国国内相关船舶压载水的立法上均仅仅只有个别条款,缺乏专项立法,没有完善相关的法律体系等问题,根本无法应对已经进入正式生效倒计时的《压载水公约》。第四部分主要是在对第三部分分析问题上提出相应的对策,重点围绕法律对策,主要包括,确定压载水控制和管理方面的主管机关、完善与压载水管理相关的法律法规、进行专项立法明确适合我国压载水控制与管理的立法模式、将公约义务通过国内立法细化等对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the adoption in London on 13 February 2004 of the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments in ships (the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments), after 12 years of concerted global efforts, with Finland's accession on 8 September 2016, The date of entry into force of the Convention, that is, 8 September 2017, is set by declaring that the Convention formally meets the conditions for entry into force. The entry into force of the Convention is an opportunity and a challenge for our country. How to meet the challenge and turn the challenge into the opportunity of development is very necessary and urgent for the ballast water control and management in our country at present. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly from the ship ballast water overview point of view, lead to ballast water arbitrary discharge of marine invasion characteristics, harm, This paper points out the frequent ecological disasters caused by the biological invasion caused by the random ballast discharge of ships in China. The second part introduces the Ballast Water Convention and the unilateral legislative measures adopted before the adoption of the Convention, and points out that China has a long way to go to deal with the ballast water problem when the Convention enters into force. The third part is mainly an analysis of the challenges that the entry into force of the Convention poses to our country, which has not yet acceded to the Convention. However, the convention does not give any preferential treatment to the non-state party and the retroactivity of the convention leads to the passivity of the ballast water supervision and management in our country. In our country, there are only a few clauses in the legislation of ballast water for ships in our country, lack of special legislation, no perfect legal system and so on, so we can not deal with the ballast water convention which has entered into the official countdown. The fourth part mainly puts forward the corresponding countermeasures on the analysis of the third part, focusing on the legal countermeasures, mainly including, determining the competent authorities in ballast water control and management, and perfecting the laws and regulations related to the ballast water management. The special legislation is suitable for the control and management of ballast water in our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.9;D922.6

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