解析《圣经》中的环境法益思想

发布时间：2018-06-15 21:34

本文选题：《圣经》 + 法益　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《圣经》中蕴含着丰富的法律思想,如契约理论、民商法的基本原则、自然法思想、人性恶思想等,在相关的学术研究中,有对《圣经》里包含的法律思想进行了很好的分析和总结的,如徐爱国《解析圣经里的法律思想》；有重点论述《圣经》里的民商事法律思想的,如郑琼现《圣经的商事立法》；有阐述《圣经》里的法律精神的,如何小莲《希伯来法精神——犹太教对现代西方文明的贡献》,但是对《圣经》中的环境法益思想做较为详细的研究,本文还是第一次尝试。本文分三部分论述《圣经》中的环境法益思想：第一部分阐述人类利益和动物的生存福利是环境法益的对象；第二部分说明《圣经》环境法益的性质是可持续性的生态利益。以辩证的方法从种际伦理和生态系统的价值性两个方面论证生态利益和环境法益的关系并进一步分析《圣经》中叙述的生态利益具有可持续性；第三部分阐述《圣经》环境法益的理念,包含环境正义理念和“自我实现”理念。说明环境正义理念的内涵和在《圣经》中的体现以及论述“自我实现”生态理念对法益对象和法益环境的要求,它同时也是实现环境法益的助力。第一部分的前半内容主要是以一条条的经文说明《圣经》中所保护的环境法益是以人类利益为中心的,但人类利益却不是环境法益的全部,后半部分以环境伦理学中的“人类中心主义”为写作的思想指引,结合圣经条文,两相比较,得出,圣经里的以人类利益为中心不同于人类中心主义；并在此认识的基础上继续阐明动物的生存福利是受保护的,重点在“生存福利”这个词上。《圣经》并不是保护动物的所有权利更没有把动物的道德地位提升与人一样的程度,只能说在动物的生存问题上,《圣经》认为动物是有权利的,但是这种权利却受到限制：不得与人类生存权利相冲突。这块儿的研究内容可以说是一个创新,《圣经》里认定的动物的生存福利比较特别。第二部分的内容也是一个创新,作者提出了一种人-自然-生态的价值论证过程,类似于点-线-面的关系但更为宏观。价值论证的层层递进得出一种理论,那就是生态价值包括所有价值,生态利益就是人的利益。可持续发展观虽是现代提出的,但其实早在圣经里就已有体现甚至可以说,可持续发展的生态利益就是《圣经》所追求的法益；第三部分的内容主要是论述了一下圣经里的环境正义义理念和生态利益之间的关系以及自我实现的生态理念。本文的最大特色是将环境伦理、法益学说、正义理论和《圣经》条文融会论述,以哲学的方式、历史的方法阐述一种法学的学说。在学术上是一种尝试,对作者自己是一种历练,也期翼着能对当今的环境保护问题有些许的启迪。
[Abstract]:The Bible contains abundant legal thoughts, such as contract theory, basic principles of civil and commercial law, natural law thought, human nature evil thought and so on. Some have made a good analysis and summary of the legal thoughts contained in the Bible, such as Xu Patriotic, "Analysis of the legal thoughts in the Bible," and those who have focused on the civil and commercial legal thoughts in the Bible, For example, Zheng Qiong is now "the Commercial legislation of the Bible"; those who expound the spirit of law in the Bible, How Xiaolian "Hebrew Spirit-Judaism's contribution to Modern Western Civilization", but this is the first attempt to do more detailed research on the environmental law in Bible. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part expounds that the human interests and the survival welfare of animals are the objects of the environmental law interests, the second part explains that the nature of the biblical environmental law interests is the sustainable ecological interests. The relationship between ecological interests and environmental law interests is demonstrated from two aspects of inter-species ethics and ecosystem value by dialectical method and the sustainability of ecological interests described in the Bible is further analyzed. The third part expounds the idea of biblical environmental law, including environmental justice and self-actualization. This paper explains the connotation of the concept of environmental justice and its embodiment in the Bible, and discusses the requirements of the ecological concept of "self-actualization" on the object of legal interest and the environment of legal interest, which is also the help of realizing the interests of environmental law. The first half of the first part is mainly about the article of scripture explaining that the interests of environmental law protected in the Bible are centered on the interests of human beings, but the interests of human beings are not the whole of the interests of environmental law. The second part is guided by the idea of "anthropocentrism" in environmental ethics, and compared with the biblical text, it is concluded that the center of human interests in the Bible is different from that of anthropocentrism. And on the basis of this understanding, continue to clarify that the welfare of the survival of animals is protected, with emphasis on the word "survival welfare." the Bible does not protect all the rights of animals, nor does it elevate the moral status of animals to the same extent as humans, In the case of animals, the Bible holds that animals have a right, but this right is limited: it must not conflict with the right of human beings to live. This piece of research can be said to be an innovation. The biblical definition of animal survival benefits is special. The second part of the content is also an innovation, the author proposed a human-nature ecological value demonstration process, similar to the point-line-surface relationship but more macro. There is a theory that ecological value includes all values and ecological benefits are human interests. Although the concept of sustainable development is put forward in modern times, it can even be said that the ecological interests of sustainable development are the legal interests pursued by the Bible. The third part mainly discusses the relationship between the biblical concept of environmental justice and ecological interests, as well as the self-realization of the ecological concept. The main characteristic of this paper is to combine the environmental ethics, the doctrine of legal interests, the theory of justice and the articles of the Bible, to expound a theory of law in the way of philosophy and in the way of history. Academically, it is an attempt, a kind of experience for the author himself, and also has a little enlightenment to the environmental protection problem of today.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D912.6

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