利益衡量方法在我国环境侵权案件中的适用研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 05:18

本文选题：利益衡量 + 环境侵权　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从改革开放以来,我国的工业化进程异常加速,由此带来的社会生活的各个领域尤其是环境领域中的利益冲突大量存在,环境侵权案件频发,引发了一系列的社会矛盾,由环境污染和生态破坏所造成的环境侵权现象及其救济已经成为我国一大社会问题。侵权责任法的出台,虽然完善了我国的的环境责任条款,有利于环境被害人的救济和补偿。然而,我国现行有关环境侵权民事责任立法,在对环境侵权的界定,环境侵权行为认定中的归责原则、因果关系,环境侵权民事责任的承担方式、利益衡量等方面仍然存在不足之处。反映在现实中,表现为广大民众的法律权益受到了严重的侵害,法院因之受理的环境侵权案件也急剧增加。面对日益突出的环境侵权案件,适用传统的侧重于社会利益保护公权化之利益衡量理论去解决交错的利益冲突,其固有的理论缺陷渐次凸显出来。当前,尤为突出的问题是,在判断是否适用侵害排除责任方式时,一些国家如日本等极为强调进行利益衡量,相比之下,在是否适用侵害排除责任时,我国法院通常并不注重利益衡量理论的研究与严格运用。尽管从某些案件判决结果来看,似乎是在考虑加害企业的有用性、地域性等相关因素的基础上,否认侵害排除责任方式的适用；但是这种衡量,并非实质意义上的利益衡量,而是“经济发展优先”思想的反映。为此,利益衡量理论作为一种法学分析方法论被引进我国以后,在理论界和司法实务界日益受到关注,并在审判实践进行了运用。然而,利益衡量的适用范围、适用条件在我国的现实立法中并没有进行明确规定,极易导致适用的无序性。这就需要在我国的传统利益理论的基础上进一步完善,以求解决棘手的环境侵权问题,实现法治正义。本文针对这一突出问题展开思考,主要探讨了利益衡量方法在我国环境侵权案件中的适用问题。利益衡量方法属于民法的传统理论,主要应用于司法审判之中,体现为法官之自由裁量权。文章根据我国环境侵权案件的特殊性,研究了利益衡量方法的具体适用问题,全文可为四个部分：论文第一部分是本文论述的逻辑起点,该部分通过两则相近案例处理方式之不同所彰显的利益理念之阐释,引入利益衡量方法这一法学概念,并分析了适用利益衡量方法时所应该满足的基本条件；第二部分主要是从比较法的角度讲述了美德日等国外典型国家之环境侵权立法制度及利益衡量适用问题,对我国具有一定的借鉴意义；第三部分主要从法理层面论证了利益衡量方法在我国环境侵权案件中适用的必要性以及可行性,为利益衡量方法引入及完善扫清理论上的障碍；第四部分则在前三部分论证的基础上,结合我国对环境侵权案件立法和司法实践,分析了在适用利益衡量方法处理我国环境侵权案件的具体司法实践中存在不足之处,并针对这些问题,笔者提出自己的看法,以期能够有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up , the industrialization process of our country has been abnormally accelerated , and the social life of our country , especially in the environment field , has caused a series of social contradictions , the environmental tort caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction has become a great social problem in our country .

At present , when judging whether the infringement of exclusion liability is applied , some countries like Japan greatly emphasize the measurement of interests , in contrast , in the case of whether the infringement of exclusion responsibility is applied , our courts usually do not pay attention to the research and strict application of the theory of interest measurement .
However , the application of the theory of benefit measurement as a methodological analysis methodology has been paid more attention to and applied in the practice of trial . However , the scope of application of the benefit measurement is not explicitly stated in the practical legislation of our country , which is apt to lead to the disorder of application . This needs to be further improved on the basis of the traditional interest theory of our country , in order to solve the intractable problems of environmental tort and realize the justice of the rule of law .

Based on the particularity of China ' s environmental tort cases , this paper studies the specific application of the method of interest measurement , which can be divided into four parts :

The first part of this paper is the logic starting point discussed in this paper . This part introduces the concept of benefit measurement by means of two close case approaches , and analyses the basic condition that should be satisfied when applying the method of benefit measurement ;
The second part is mainly from the perspective of comparative law about the legal system of environmental tort and the application of interest measurement in typical countries such as the day of virtue and so on , which has certain reference significance to our country ;
The third part mainly discusses the necessity and feasibility of the application of the method of benefit measurement in the case of environmental tort in China , and introduces and perfects the obstacles in the theory of clearing away the interests .
In the fourth part , on the basis of the previous three parts , combining with the legislation and judicial practice of environmental tort cases in China , this paper analyzes the shortcomings in the specific judicial practice of dealing with the cases of environmental tort in our country , and puts forward his own views on these problems , so as to be helpful .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68;D923

【参考文献】