可持续发展视野下的中国林权制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 08:01

本文选题：林权 + 林权制度　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：林权制度与林业生产密切相关,目前中国林业发展缓慢,对森林资源保护不利,与现行的林权制度有着直接的关系。森林问题对推进人类可持续发展至关重要。森林资源与环境问题的重要性决定了林权制度必须符合当今的社会主题即社会、经济、环境和资源的可持续发展。环境法学界对林权制度的研究充分证明要建立和谐社会必须建立可持续发展的林权制度。分析可持续发展的林权制度理论以可持续发展理论、森林资源可再生理论、经济人理论、物物相关理论以及产权理论为理论基础。可持续发展理论解释了人类与森林普遍存在的物质交换关系使人们认识到只有以森林生态达到可持续发展的要求,人类才可能实现可持续的发展,人类社会经济才能和谐繁荣,林权制度深深影响着森林的可持续发展;森林资源可再生理论说明林权主体权利指向的客体的特性即林权客体的可再生性,客体的可更新性必然受林权主体的影响,因此林权主体在行使权利履行义务过程中发生的行为将直接决定森林资源可持续发展与否;经济人假定理论解释了林权主体自身的经济人特性,即林权主体是自身利益的最佳衡量者,又是自身效用最大化的追求者;物物相关律要求林权制度安排必须注意对森林资源的每一个要素进行保护,因为森林资源中各个要素之间具有非常紧密的联系,故而客体的设定必须符合这一规律;产权理论解释了林权权利的交易性和排他性属性。基于理论基础的研究,认为可持续发展的林权制度是指在保证森林永续利用的前提下发展林业经济,林权主体具有明确的使用权利的范围,林权客体界定符合生态规律的科学性,并有着完整林权流转规则的制度。它的目的在于实现长期持续的发挥森林的经济利用、生态环境保护以及社会文化服务。它以森林资源的经济价值和生态价值相统一,林权主体自身利益与社会利益相统一为指导思想。制度安排遵循的基本原则是充分考虑权利主体特性;以科学方法界定客体;以生态保护为首要任务,以经济建设为长远任务。用可持续发展的林权制度的理论和理论基础的相关理论对中国现行林权制度进行评价,主要分析现行制度中不可持续的方面,评价认为国有森林林权主体层级分解链条过长,具体经营组织权利范围不确定,集体森林林权主体受经济人假定影响较大;林权客体规定不明确,割裂了森林生态系统的天然联系;林权流转机制不健全,以至于整个林权制度安排存在许多隐性弊端留下不可持续隐患。进而对完善中国可持续发展的林权制度提出要明确林权主体的权责利,划分主体的职能和责任;科学界定林权客体,避免割裂森林生态系统的联系,使其生态性不被破坏,以便充分发挥森林的生态价值;完善林权流转制度,顾及森林资源的可交易性,有效地运用市场的资源配置功能;完善林权交易相关制度,建立合理的林权产权制度,逐渐过渡到可持续发展的林权制度上,最终朝着可持续发展的方向努力。
[Abstract]:The forest right system is closely related to the forestry production . At present , China ' s forestry development is slow and has a direct relationship with the current forest rights system . The importance of forest resources and environmental problems determines that the forest right system must conform to the sustainable development of social , economic , environment and resources .

The theory of sustainable development explains the sustainable development of forest resources . The sustainable development theory explains the sustainable development of forest resources .

Based on the research of theory foundation , it is considered that the forest right system of sustainable development refers to the development of forestry economy under the precondition of ensuring the sustainable utilization of forests . The forest right subject has clear scope of using right . The objective of this system is to realize long - term sustainable forest economic utilization , ecological environment protection and social culture service . The aim of this system is to realize long - term sustainable forest economic utilization , ecological environment protection and social culture service . The aim of this system is to realize long - term sustainable forest economic utilization , ecological environment protection and social culture service .

On the basis of theory and theory of sustainable forest tenure system , this paper evaluates the current forest rights system in China , mainly analyzes the unsustainable aspects of the existing system , evaluates that the main body level of the state - owned forest forest is too long , the specific operation organization ' s rights scope is uncertain , the collective forest forest right subject is assumed to be affected by the economic man , the forest right object requirement is not clear , the forest ecological system is cut off , and the forest right circulation mechanism is not perfect , so that the whole forest right system arrangement has many hidden disadvantages and leaves the hidden trouble .

In order to make full use of forest ecological value , to perfect the system of forest right circulation , to establish a reasonable forest right property right system , to gradually transition to the forest right system of sustainable development , and finally to make efforts in the direction of sustainable development .
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.63;F326.2

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