水权制度基本问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 05:08

本文选题：水权 + 水权优先权　；参考：《山东大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着经济的发展,我国水资源日益紧张,水资源的重要性也日益成为共识,在某些地区还出现了水权转让的实践。尽管我国在新《物权法》中以引入取水权概念,但是在法学理论上却缺乏对水权制度深入的研究,我国的水权理论已经滞后于水权实践的发展。基于以上原因,本文将水权制度做了一个全面、系统的介绍,并试图构建具有本土特色的水权制度。本文全文分为四部分: 第一部分介绍了水权的概念和性质。首先介绍了关于水权概念的种种学说,得出争论最根本的分歧在于水权是否包含水资源的使用权,认为水权就是水资源的使用权,并划清了水权与相关概念的界限;其次对水权的性质进行了剖析,将水权定位为一种准用益物权。水权具有公私兼容的性质,水权的本质为私权,同时也带有公权的一些特征。第二部分介绍了中国古近代水权制度。分别介绍了中国古、近代水权制度概况、中国古、近代的优先权制度和古、近代水权转让制度。水权制度具有强烈本土化的特点,构建我国现代水权制度应该充分吸收我国古代水权制度的经验。第三部分介绍了水权优先权。在对水权进行初始分配时,需要解决的首要问题就是水权优先权的位序。本文建议以先占原则为主,以河岸权原则和习惯水权为辅。另外,在我国的水权优先权位序,还应该充分发挥到优先权制度在保护水权的私有产权属性和生态环境方面的作用。第四部分介绍了水权转让。在初始水权分配完毕之后,水权转让就成为使水资源合理配置的重要手段。该部分首先阐述了水权转让的原因和水权转让合同的特殊之处;水权转让的主体应为平等民事主体,政府不应当成为水权转让的主体;法律应该对水权转让的程序做类似于不动产的严格规定,以增强水权交易的公信力;同时介绍了水权转让中中介组织的作用等,并评点了我国几个水权转让的典型案例,指出我国现阶段的水权转让实践依然存在着很多不成熟之处。第五部分介绍了侵害水权的责任及救济。对水权的侵害很多情况下构成特殊侵权,它的构成要件不同于一般侵权行为。一般不要求行为是违法行为,也不要求行为人主观上有过错,在因果关系的判断上也更为复杂。对侵害水权的救济,在行使方式上也有着其独特之处。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, water resources in our country are becoming more and more tight, the importance of water resources has become a consensus day by day, and the practice of water right transfer has also appeared in some areas. Although our country has introduced the concept of water right in the new Real right Law, the theory of water right has lagged behind the development of the practice of water right because of the lack of deep research on water right system in the theory of law. Based on the above reasons, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the water right system, and tries to construct the water right system with local characteristics. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the concept and nature of water right. Firstly, this paper introduces various theories about the concept of water right, and draws the conclusion that the most fundamental difference is whether water right includes the right to use water resources, and that water right is the right to use water resources, and draws a clear line between water right and related concepts. Secondly, the author analyzes the nature of water right and defines it as a kind of quasi-usufruct right. Water rights have the nature of public-private compatibility, the essence of water rights is private rights, but also with some characteristics of public rights. The second part introduces the water right system in ancient and modern China. This paper introduces the water rights system of ancient China and modern times, the priority system of modern China and the transfer system of water rights in modern times. The water right system has the strong localization characteristic, the construction our country modern water right system should fully absorb our country ancient water right system experience. The third part introduces the water right priority. In the initial allocation of water rights, the first problem to be solved is the priority order of water rights. This paper suggests that priority should be given to the principle of preemption, supplemented by the principle of riparian rights and customary water rights. In addition, the priority order of water rights in China should give full play to the role of the priority system in protecting the private property rights and ecological environment of water rights. The fourth part introduces the water right transfer. After the initial allocation of water rights, the transfer of water rights has become an important means of rational allocation of water resources. In this part, the reason of water right transfer and the special place of water right transfer contract are expounded, the subject of water right transfer should be equal civil subject, and the government should not be the subject of water right transfer. In order to enhance the credibility of water rights trading, the law should make strict regulations on water rights transfer procedures similar to immovable property. At the same time, it introduces the role of water rights transfer intermediary organizations and points out several typical cases of water rights transfer in our country. It points out that there are still a lot of immaturity in the practice of water right transfer in our country at the present stage. The fifth part introduces the responsibility and relief of water right infringement. The infringement of water rights constitutes a special tort in many cases, and its constituent elements are different from the general tort. Generally, it does not require the behavior to be illegal, nor does it require the perpetrator to have fault subjectively, and the judgment of causality is more complicated. The relief to the infringement of water right also has its unique place in the way of exercise.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.66

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