国外海洋自然保护区的法律保护研究及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-06-17 11:08

本文选题：海洋自然保护区 + 有关国家立法　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类的过度开发利用,对海洋环境与资源造成巨大的冲击,甚至产生恶性影响。随着人类价值和伦理取向的逐渐转变,合理开发保护海洋资源环境成为必然趋势。海洋自然保护区作为保护海洋环境与生物资源的一个重要方式,保护特殊海域的珍稀濒危物种及其生境,受到国际社会的广泛关注。相关国家先后建立多个海洋自然保护区,加快保护区的法律保护进程,提高建设与管理质量。发达国家海洋自然保护区的法律保护较为完整,有力的促进本国保护区的发展。美国、加拿大、澳大利亚在保护区法律保护方面积累了有效经验,颁布专项的保护区法律法规,实现保护区立法的体系化和层次化,而在保护区建设过程中实行备选、筛选、评价制度,总体规划布局合理。同时在管理体制上层级分明,透明高效,实行有效的监督机制与资金保障机制等,形成完整的管理法律制度。而我国海洋自然保护区建设起步晚,保护区立法还不成熟,颁布的保护区法规数量较少,效力层级低。保护区在建设方面也没有形成完整的规划体系,并且尚未建立公众监督与公众参与等保护区管理法律制度,因此,我国保护区的法律保护仍然存在不足之处。本文针对国外海洋自然保护区的法律保护理论与实践,对我国的海洋自然保护区的法律保护提出建设性意见。借鉴国外保护区建设法律程序,提出我国保护区在设立时应采取备选、筛选——评价制度；结合我国保护区管理,实行“圆桌会议”,加强部门协商与公众监督、参与；并对我国的海洋自然保护区立法进行构建,促进我国海洋自然保护区的法律保护完整及发展。本论文主要包括以下六个部分：第一部分综述海洋自然保护区的法律保护,对自然保护区、海洋自然保护区、海洋保护区进行比较分析,界定海洋自然保护区的概念。从多方面探讨海洋自然保护区法律保护的必要性,为研究海洋自然保护区提供理论基础。第二部分研究海洋自然保护区的立法历史以及现状,对国际社会、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚的立法历史以及现状进行研究,提出国外海洋自然保护区立法体系特色,为我国立法提供借鉴。第三部分对海洋自然保护区法律保护中的设立规划进行研究,通过分析国外的保护区设立机构、设立法律程序、规划法律制度,提出海洋自然保护区需建立设立备选筛选制度、储备制度以及整体规划制度,合理实现资源利用和配置,避免保护区建立之后出现的诸多问题。第四部分分析国外的保护区管理体制、经费投入管理制度、多功能分区制度等法律制度,提出海洋自然保护区需要横向、纵向管理体制相协调,实行特殊区划管理,防止多机构重复管理。第五部分对我国的海洋自然保护区建立以及立法、规划管理法律制度进行分析,提出当前我国保护区存在立法体系不完善、总体设立规划与布局不合理、管理体制混乱、管理制度不健全等问题。第六部分则是针对我国海洋自然保护区存在的问题,对应提出完善我国海洋自然保护区的建议和对策,包括明确立法指导原则,健全法律体系,完善保护区管理体制,健全保护区设立规划制度与管理法律制度,同时积极参加国际合作。
[Abstract]:As an important way to protect the marine environment and biological resources , the marine nature reserve is an important way to protect the marine environment and biological resources . The marine nature reserve is an important way to protect the marine environment and biological resources , and it is of great concern to the international community . The relevant countries have established many marine nature reserves to speed up the legal protection process of the protected areas , and improve the quality of construction and management .

The legal protection of marine nature reserves in developed countries is more complete and effective in promoting the development of protected areas . The United States , Canada and Australia have accumulated effective experience in protecting the legal protection of protected areas , promulgated special laws and regulations on protected areas , and realized systemization and hierarchy of the legislation of protected areas .

In view of the legal protection theory and practice of foreign marine nature reserve , this paper puts forward constructive suggestions on the legal protection of marine nature reserve in our country .
In combination with the management of the protected areas of our country , the Round Table Meeting shall be implemented , and the consultation and public supervision and participation of the departments shall be strengthened ;
The legislation of marine nature reserve in our country is constructed and the law protection of our marine nature reserve is complete and the development is promoted . This paper mainly includes the following six parts :

The first part reviews the legal protection of marine nature reserve , analyzes the nature reserves , marine nature reserves and marine protected areas , and defines the concept of marine nature reserve .

The second part studies the legislative history and present situation of marine nature reserve , studies the legislation history and present situation of the international community , the United States , Canada and Australia , and puts forward the legislation system characteristics of foreign marine nature reserve , and provides reference for our legislation .

The third part studies the establishment of the legal protection of marine nature reserve , through the analysis of the establishment of the protection zone abroad , the establishment of the legal procedure , the planning of the legal system , the establishment of an alternative screening system , the reserve system and the overall planning system in the marine nature reserve , the rational realization of the resource utilization and configuration , and the avoidance of many problems after the establishment of the protected area .

The fourth part analyzes foreign protection system management system , funds input management system , multi - function zoning system and other legal system , and puts forward that marine nature reserve needs horizontal and vertical management system to coordinate , carry out special division management and prevent multi - agency duplication management .

The fifth part analyzes the establishment of marine nature reserve and the legislation and planning management legal system in our country , and puts forward the problems of imperfect legislation system , unreasonable planning and layout , confusion of management system and imperfect management system .

The sixth part is aimed at the problems existing in our marine nature reserves , corresponding to the suggestions and countermeasures to improve our marine nature reserves , including the clear legislative guiding principles , the sound legal system , the improvement of the management system of the protected areas , the establishment of the planning system and the management legal system of the protected areas , and the active participation in international cooperation .
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D912.6

【引证文献】