论排污权交易制度及其法律构建

发布时间：2018-06-19 09:03

本文选题：污染控制 + 环境经济理论　；参考：《广西师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 当前,在科学发展观的指导下,我国经济与社会发展更加注重环境保护与资源的合理利用。如何在促进经济发展的同时保护环境不被破坏,已成为我国政府和民众面对的重要问题。毋庸质疑,执政党和政府的环保政策逐步在向着更好的方向发展。但是,在环保的政策环境好转的时侯,我国的环境管理体系和制度不可避免的表现出滞后性,亟待制度引入和制度创新。基于这样的现实,学界开始积极探索新的环境治理和保护制度。在经济和法律学界,研究者开始对环境治理困难的现实进行反思,同时借鉴域外较为成熟的经验,认为:当前环境治理成效不彰,其中原因之一是政府没有把环境作为一种可资利用的有价物品进行权利分配。而正是这种法律产权的界定不清,导致了对环境这种重要的社会资源配置效率的低下。换言之,所有权、财产权制度失灵是造成外部不经济性的重要原因。因而,只有明确界定权属后,才能够通过内化环境经济成本实现资源的最优配置。正是在这种法律经济学思路的指导下,排污权交易理论应运而生并在近年来被引入到我国。本文正是在这样的背景下研究排污权交易制度的。本文在分析了一些基本概念和理论基础后,相继介绍了美国及其他国家的相关政策和法律实践,随后,分析了我国排污权交易项目实施的现状和存在的问题,在此基础上对我国建立排污权交易制度的必要性和可行性展开论证并提出了具体的法律制度构建设想。各部分主要内容概述如下: 第一章分析了排污权的概念及法律性质,并简要介绍了排污权交易的内涵。就颇有争议的法律性质而言,本文认为,排污权是环境容量使用权,它具有公、私权的双重属性。排污权交易就是一种以市场为基础的经济和法律措施,其价值在于通过转让排污权的方式内化环境治理成本,从而实现环保的目标。第二章介绍了排污权交易在以美国为首的世界其他国家和地区的应用情况。美国最先将该制度用于控制污染,通过实施前后空气质量的对比,证明该制度较之行政命令控制方式确有其先进性。其他国家和地区也纷纷效仿。第三章分析了我国排污权交易项目实施的现状和存在的问题。为了解决我国的环境污染和资源浪费的问题,各级政府进行了积极探索,开展了一些排污权交易的实践项目。本文对这些项目进行了简要介绍,分析了其中的一些问题。第四章采用经济学、法学等理论对我国排污权交易制度建立和完善的必要性和可行性进行了比较科学、系统、充分的论证。最后,在我国现行法律框架下,对排污权交易制度的建构提出了具体的建议。对其中的重点问题,包括立法模式,基本原则、基本制度及相关制度等均有涉及。
[Abstract]:At present, under the guidance of scientific concept of development, China's economic and social development pays more attention to environmental protection and rational utilization of resources. How to protect the environment from destruction while promoting economic development has become an important issue for our government and people. There is no doubt that the ruling party and the government's environmental policy is gradually moving towards a better direction. However, when the policy environment of environmental protection is getting better, the environmental management system and system of our country inevitably show lag behind, and it is urgent to introduce and innovate the system. Based on this reality, scholars began to actively explore new environmental governance and protection system. In the field of economics and law, researchers began to reflect on the reality of environmental governance difficulties. At the same time, they learned from the more mature experience of foreign countries. One reason is that the government does not allocate rights to the environment as a valuable item to be used. It is the unclear definition of the legal property right that leads to the low efficiency of the allocation of social resources such as the environment. In other words, the system failure of ownership and property right is an important reason for external diseconomy. Therefore, only when the ownership is clearly defined, can the optimal allocation of resources be realized by internalizing the environmental and economic costs. It is under the guidance of this kind of legal and economic thinking that the theory of emission trading emerges as the times require and has been introduced into China in recent years. It is in this context that this paper studies the emission trading system. After analyzing some basic concepts and theoretical foundations, this paper introduces the relevant policies and legal practices of the United States and other countries one after another, and then analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the implementation of emission trading projects in China. On this basis, the necessity and feasibility of establishing emission trading system in China are demonstrated and a concrete legal system construction assumption is put forward. The main contents of each part are summarized as follows: the first chapter analyzes the concept and legal nature of emission rights and briefly introduces the connotation of emission trading. As far as the controversial legal nature is concerned, the pollution discharge right is the right to use environmental capacity, which has the dual attributes of public and private rights. Emission trading is a kind of economic and legal measures based on the market. Its value lies in internalizing the cost of environmental management by transferring the emission rights, so as to achieve the goal of environmental protection. The second chapter introduces the application of emission trading in other countries and regions in the world led by the United States. The United States first used the system to control pollution. The comparison of air quality before and after implementation proves that the system is more advanced than the executive order control method. Other countries and regions have followed suit. The third chapter analyzes the status quo and existing problems of emission trading project in China. In order to solve the problems of environmental pollution and waste of resources in China, governments at all levels have carried out active exploration and carried out some practical projects of emission trading. This paper gives a brief introduction to these items and analyzes some problems. Chapter four uses the theories of economics and law to demonstrate the necessity and feasibility of establishing and perfecting the emission trading system in China scientifically, systematically and fully. Finally, under the current legal framework of our country, put forward the concrete suggestion to the construction of the emission right trading system. The key issues, including legislative model, basic principles, basic system and related systems are involved.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.6

【引证文献】