环境权视野下的相邻关系制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 03:19

本文选题：相邻关系 + 环境权　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文从传统民法相邻关系制度的规范性分析入手,在“环境权的私法保护”这一研究视野下,通过对环境相邻关系特点的全面把握与深度解构,明确指出传统相邻关系制度于相邻环境(人格)权保护之不适应性。为了打破固有的制度樊篱,有必要在传统人格权法体系中探索创设环境人格权制度,同时辅以环境侵权法律制度,以协力实现对环境相邻关系的周密调整。全文除引言和结论外,共分五部分展开论述。第一章是对传统民法相邻关系制度的规范性分析。首先简要概括了相邻关系的含义,回顾了相邻关系制度的演变历程,并揭示了其制度价值和理论基础——所有权社会化理论。然后又进一步阐明了相邻关系的法律性质,即并非一种独立的物权类型,而只是对相邻不动产所有权或使用权的扩张和限制。接着再以引证王利明教授的两个案例为切入点,从中提炼出相邻关系区别于人格权关系等其他民事法律关系的本质特征。最后,对相邻关系的内容作出了类型化的归纳,根据其所体现的利益表征,将其划分为相邻防免关系和相邻利用关系两大类。第二章详细介绍了环境权的基本理论。首先明晰了环境权的概念及内容,即“公民享有的在不被污染和破坏的环境中生存及生态性利用环境资源的实体权利”。然后重点论述了对环境权予以私法保护的必要性与可能性,提出在传统民法体系的物权法和人格权法中分别创设环境物权和环境人格权的立法思路。第三章是对环境相邻关系的理论剖析与制度定位。首先,以上一章中“环境权的私法化”为导向,在理论上廓清了本文研究对象“环境相邻关系”的内涵和外延。然后,从相邻范围、权利性质、内容、客体等方面着眼,深入阐述了环境相邻关系与传统相邻关系迥然相异的个性化特点。最后,通过相邻环境人格权与人格权、环境相邻侵权与一般环境侵权这两组概念的对比,确立了环境相邻关系“二元化”法律调整的制度定位,即在传统人格权法体系中单独创设环境人格权制度,并将基于相邻环境人格权的损害防免关系纳入环境侵权法律制度中调整。第四章为域外环境相邻关系制度的立法考察。本章对大陆法系和英美法中与环境有关的相邻关系制度进行了全面比较与扼要评析,为后文完善我国的环境相邻关系制度提供了可资借鉴的重要法例参考。第五章是关于我国环境相邻关系立法从实然现状检视到应然制度设计的整体性论证。首先,结合传统民法相邻关系理论分析了《民法通则》和《物权法》关于相邻关系的规定,认为其从根本上无法适用于环境相邻关系尤其是相邻环境人格权关系的调整,进而澄清了实践中往往将相邻环境纠纷归入民法相邻关系制度调整的认识误区;同时,还着重指出了《民法通则》中环境侵权制度的若干立法缺陷。最后,以环境人格权法和环境侵权法的“二元化”调整格局为脉络,有针对性地提出了相关的完善建议。
[Abstract]:This paper starts with the normative analysis of the relation system of the traditional civil law , under the research field of " private law protection of environmental right " , it clearly points out that the traditional adjacent relation system is not suitable for the protection of the adjacent environment ( personality ) . In order to break the inherent institutional barriers , it is necessary to explore the establishment of the environment personality right system in the traditional personality rights law system , and to complement the legal system of environmental tort , so as to realize the close adjustment of the adjacent relations of the environment .

In addition to the preface and conclusion , a total of five parts are discussed .

The first chapter is a normative analysis of the relationship between the traditional civil law and the traditional civil law . Firstly , the meaning of the adjacent relations is summarized , the system value and the theory of the theory of the theory of ownership socialization are reviewed .

In chapter 2 , the basic theory of environmental right is introduced in detail . Firstly , the concept and content of the environmental right are clarified , that is , " the citizen enjoys the physical right of living and ecological utilization of environmental resources in the environment which is not polluted and destroyed " . Then the necessity and possibility of protecting the environment right from the private law are discussed , and the legislative thinking on the creation of the environment real right and the environment personality right in the traditional civil law system is put forward .

The third chapter is the theoretical analysis and system positioning of the relation between the environment and the environment . First , the connotation and extension of the " environmental adjacent relation " of the object in this paper are clarified in the above chapter . Then , the system orientation of the legal adjustment of the adjacent relation between the environment and the traditional adjacent relation is set up from the aspects of the adjacent range , the right property , the content and the object . Finally , the system of the environmental personality right is set up separately in the traditional personality right law system , and the damage prevention relation based on the personality right of the adjacent environment is incorporated into the environmental tort law system .

The fourth chapter provides a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the adjacent relations between the continental law system and the Anglo - American law , which provides a valuable reference for the improvement of the environment - adjacent relations system in our country .

The fifth chapter is about the whole demonstration of the legislation of environmental adjacent relations in China from the perspective of actual situation to the design of the contingency system . Firstly , the article analyzes the relation between the adjacent relations in the law of civil law , and points out that it is not applicable to the adjustment of the relationship between the adjacent relations , especially the relationship between the adjacent environmental personality rights . At the same time , it also points out some legislative flaws in the practice of the environmental tort system in the law of the environment . Finally , the paper puts forward some relevant improvement suggestions in the context of environmental personality right law and environmental tort law .
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923;D922.68

【引证文献】