我国环境侵权民事责任方式研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 01:59

本文选题：环境侵权 + 民事责任方式　；参考：《东北林业大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着社会的发展,环境保护问题愈来愈为人们所关注。由环境污染和生态破坏造成的环境侵权已经成为当今人类所面临的一大社会问题。本文分析了我国环境侵权民事责任承担方式存在的问题,研究发现环境侵权主要责任承担方式侵害排除和损害赔偿都存在缺陷。侵害排除责任方式是一种防患于未然的积极的责任承担方式,对于环境侵权这一特殊侵权尤为适用,可在具体的司法实践中很难得到实现,主要原因是没有运用利益衡量原则,不是完全停止污染企业的经济活动,就是致受害者的损害于不顾,本文在分析了外国环境侵权侵害排除责任方式的具体运用后,认为我国也应该在环境侵权侵害排除责任方式中运用利益衡量原则,并对利益衡量的标准进行界定,同时提出了立法构想;针对环境侵权损害赔偿责任方式在环境侵权中的局限性本文从三方面进行了分析,首先,分析了传统的补偿性赔偿具有局限性,建议引入惩罚性赔偿制度,并对惩罚性赔偿适用条件,适用例外和赔偿数额等问题进行了设计,同时提出了立法建议;其次,对于环境侵权导致的精神损害主张予以赔偿,并对精神损害赔偿的构成要件和适用原则进行了界定;最后,针对环境侵权责任人无力赔偿或者责任人不明问题,主张建立赔偿责任方式社会化机制,并分别从责任社会化的模式、适用范围等方面进行了设计,并提出法律构想。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, people pay more and more attention to environmental protection. Environmental tort caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction has become a major social problem. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the way of assuming civil liability for environmental tort in China, and finds out that there are defects in the main way of assuming responsibility for environmental tort, such as the elimination of infringement and compensation for damages. The way of tort excluding liability is a positive way of taking responsibility, which is especially applicable to the special tort of environmental tort. It is difficult to realize in the concrete judicial practice, the main reason is that the principle of interest measurement has not been applied. Either the economic activities of polluting enterprises are completely stopped, or the damage caused to the victims is ignored. After analyzing the specific application of the ways of excluding liability for foreign environmental tort violations, The author holds that our country should also apply the principle of interest measurement in the way of excluding liability for environmental tort infringement, and define the standard of interest measurement. At the same time, it puts forward the legislative conception. Aiming at the limitation of liability for environmental tort damages in environmental tort, this paper analyzes the limitation of traditional compensatory damages from three aspects: firstly, it proposes to introduce the system of punitive damages. It also designs the applicable conditions of punitive damages, the application of exceptions and the amount of compensation, and puts forward legislative suggestions. Secondly, it claims to compensate for the mental damage caused by environmental tort. It also defines the constitutive elements and applicable principles of compensation for mental damage. Finally, aiming at the problem that the person responsible for environmental infringement is unable to compensate or the person responsible is not clear, the author proposes to establish a socialized mechanism of compensation liability. And separately from the responsibility socialization model, the application scope and so on aspect carries on the design, and puts forward the legal conception.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923;D922.68

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