区域生态补偿立法探析

发布时间：2018-06-24 11:57

本文选题：区域生态补偿 + 现状及存在的问题　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，区域环境问题，特别是跨区域环境问题越来越严重。环境污染、生态破坏，不仅使人类的生存环境日渐恶劣，而且还严重威胁社会经济的发展。为此，以科学发展观和生态文明为指导，国家、区域政府或企业个人通过三同时制度、排污权交易制度、污染损害赔偿等制度对潜在的区域生态环境风险进行预防，对受损的区域生态环境进行恢复，从而保护和维持区域和整体生态环境功能，实现全面协调可持续发展。然而，我国行政区划的客观存在和地方政府间缺乏有效的沟通协调，使区域生态环境保护中的“公地悲剧”和“搭便车”现象时有发生，从而削弱了区域生态环境保护效果。由此，区域生态补偿理念和制度应运而生。不过，由于区域生态补偿的发展处于初始阶段，理论研究和实践成果不多、研究不深入、研究不系统等问题也客观存在，从而使推动区域生态补偿立法、完善区域生态补偿制度和机制成为了当务之急，这也是进一步统筹区域生态环境协调发展、保障区域公平和秩序的迫切要求。本文共分为四章，第一章区域生态补偿概述，主要以生态补偿为基础阐述区域生态补偿的概念、特征、类型，以实现对区域生态补偿的初步了解。第二章区域生态补偿立法概述，主要阐述了区域生态补偿立法定义和立法基础，其中在区域生态补偿立法的理论基础部分，，主要阐述了外部性理论、公共产品理论的经济基础和实现区域公平、保障区域秩序的法理基础；在区域生态补偿的现实依据部分，主要从区域生态补偿的现实需要和实践探索两个角度论证区域生态补偿的现实性和可行性。第三章区域生态补偿立法现状及存在的问题，主要介绍了宪法、环境法律和其他规范性文件中关于区域生态补偿的规定，并从法律体系、法律规定、法律制度和管理体制四个方面剖析了区域生态补偿立法存在的问题。第四章区域生态补偿立法的完善，本章首先借鉴德国和日本有益的立法经验建议，然后提出完善区域生态补偿立法的四项建议，一是借鉴外国相关立法经验，二是健全区域生态补偿法律体系；三是确立区域生态补偿法律原则；四是完备区域生态补偿法律制度；五是完善区域生态补偿法律机制。本文研究的目的是从环境法学的角度分析区域生态补偿立法的现状和存在的问题，并从借鉴国外相关立法经验、健全区域生态补偿法律体系、确立区域生态补偿法律原则、完备区域生态补偿法律制度、完善区域生态补偿法律机制五个层面探索完善区域生态补偿立法的对策，从而确定区域生态补偿的法律地位，实现区域生态补偿活动有法可依，最终实现区域发展的公平正义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, regional environmental problems, especially cross-regional environmental problems, are becoming more and more serious. Environmental pollution and ecological destruction not only make the living environment worse, but also threaten the development of social economy. Therefore, under the guidance of scientific development concept and ecological civilization, the country, regional government or individual enterprise can prevent potential regional ecological environment risk through three systems, such as three simultaneous system, emission trading system, pollution damage compensation system, etc. The damaged regional ecological environment is restored to protect and maintain the function of the region and the whole ecological environment and to realize the overall coordinated and sustainable development. However, the objective existence of administrative divisions in China and the lack of effective communication and coordination among local governments make the phenomenon of "common land tragedy" and "hitchhiking" in the protection of regional ecological environment occur from time to time, thus weakening the effect of regional ecological environment protection. Thus, the concept and system of regional ecological compensation came into being. However, due to the fact that the development of regional ecological compensation is in its initial stage, there are few theoretical and practical achievements, no in-depth studies, no systematic studies, and so on, so as to promote the legislation of regional ecological compensation. It is urgent to perfect the system and mechanism of regional ecological compensation, which is also the urgent requirement to coordinate the development of regional ecological environment and ensure regional fairness and order. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is an overview of regional ecological compensation, mainly based on ecological compensation to explain the concept, characteristics and types of regional ecological compensation, in order to achieve a preliminary understanding of regional ecological compensation. The second chapter is an overview of regional ecological compensation legislation, mainly expounds the definition and legislative basis of regional ecological compensation legislation, in which the theoretical basis of regional ecological compensation legislation, mainly elaborated on the theory of externality. The economic basis of public product theory and the legal basis of realizing regional equity and ensuring regional order; in the part of the realistic basis of regional ecological compensation, This paper mainly discusses the reality and feasibility of regional ecological compensation from the point of view of the practical need and practice of regional ecological compensation. The third chapter introduces the current situation and existing problems of regional ecological compensation legislation, mainly introduces the provisions of the constitution, environmental law and other normative documents on regional ecological compensation, and from the legal system, legal provisions, Four aspects of the legal system and management system analyzed the problems of regional ecological compensation legislation. The fourth chapter is the perfection of the regional ecological compensation legislation. This chapter first draws lessons from the beneficial legislative experience of Germany and Japan, and then puts forward four suggestions to perfect the regional ecological compensation legislation, one is to learn from the relevant legislative experience of foreign countries. The second is to perfect the legal system of regional ecological compensation, the third is to establish the legal principle of regional ecological compensation, the fourth is to perfect the legal system of regional ecological compensation, and the fifth is to perfect the legal mechanism of regional ecological compensation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current situation and existing problems of regional ecological compensation legislation from the angle of environmental law, and to perfect the legal system of regional ecological compensation and establish the legal principle of regional ecological compensation from the experience of foreign countries. Perfecting the legal system of regional ecological compensation, perfecting the legal mechanism of regional ecological compensation and exploring the countermeasures to perfect the legislation of regional ecological compensation, so as to determine the legal status of regional ecological compensation, and realize that the regional ecological compensation activities have legal basis. Finally, realize the fairness and justice of regional development.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.68

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