黄河上游甘南湿地保护的法制问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 20:31

【摘要】： 湿地是地球上最富生物多样性的生态系统和人类最重要的生存环境之一,它不仅为人类生产、生活提供多种资源,而且具有巨大的环境功能和效益。它是天然的“海绵”,能够储存来自降水、河流过多的水量,从而避免发生洪水灾害。它的净水功能十分突出,能够清除土壤中的氮、磷污染,是人类生产、生活污水的天然“过滤池”。目前湿地仅占陆地面积的2%至3%,但它固碳的能力却达25%至30%,在碳循环问题上发挥着重要作用。国际社会对湿地的研究非常重视,针对湿地保护与管理、湿地形成发育与演化、湿地生态系统的生态过程与动态、湿地生物多样性保护、湿地退化机制、退化湿地恢复与重建和人工湿地构建、湿地评价、湿地监测和技术等问题,作了大量深入探讨,对我国湿地保护具有重要的借鉴价值。当前,我国的城市化、工业化正以前所未有的速度和规模突飞猛进,环境问题日益凸现,湿地保护日益重要。正是在这种背景下,本文就黄河上游甘南湿地保护的法制问题展开了研究。首先从湿地保护着眼,从法制的角度研究了黄河上游甘南湿地的现状,剖析了其存在的问题和原因并比较分析了与西方发达国家在湿地保护和法律制度上方面的差距,立足当地实际情况,以甘肃湿地保护条例为依托,有选择的借鉴了国外湿地保护的成功经验,对构建黄河上游甘南湿地法律体系进行了系统性构思,提出了七个方面的具体法制对策即包括完善湿地保护的立法、制定专门的甘南湿地保护条例、建立健全湿地保护的相关具体法律制度、强化湿地保护的监管和执法、加强湿地保护法制宣传,增强全社会湿地保护意识、建立甘南湿地生态补偿机制、加大对甘南湿地保护的资金投入调整湿地资源利用方式等。旨在发挥法律、政策对湿地的保护作用,达到更好的保护甘南湿地和可持续利用的目的,以及推动生态环境法制理论的建设。
[Abstract]:Wetland is the most biodiversity ecosystem and one of the most important living environment on the earth. It not only provides a variety of resources for human production and life, but also has great environmental functions and benefits. It is a natural sponge that stores excess water from precipitation and rivers to avoid flooding. Its water purification function is very outstanding, it can remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in soil, it is the natural "filter tank" for human production and domestic sewage. At present, wetland accounts for only 2% to 3% of the land area, but its carbon sequestration capacity is 25% to 30%, which plays an important role in the carbon cycle. The international community attaches great importance to wetland protection and management, wetland development and evolution, wetland ecosystem ecological processes and dynamics, wetland biodiversity protection, wetland degradation mechanism. The restoration and reconstruction of degraded wetlands, the construction of constructed wetlands, the evaluation of wetlands, the monitoring and technology of wetlands, etc., are discussed in depth, which is of great value for reference to the protection of wetlands in China. At present, the urbanization and industrialization of our country are advancing by leaps and bounds at an unprecedented speed and scale, environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent, and wetland protection is becoming more and more important. It is under this background that this paper studies the legal system of wetland protection in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gannan. First of all, from the point of view of wetland protection and legal system, this paper studies the present situation of Gannan wetland in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, analyzes its existing problems and causes, and compares and analyzes the gap in wetland protection and legal system between the developed countries and the western countries. Based on the actual local conditions, based on Gansu Wetland Protection regulations and the successful experience of foreign wetland protection, this paper systematically conceived the legal system of constructing Gannan Wetland in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The specific legal countermeasures in seven aspects include perfecting the legislation of wetland protection, making special regulations on wetland protection in Gannan, establishing and perfecting the specific legal system of wetland protection, strengthening the supervision and enforcement of wetland protection. Strengthen the legal publicity of wetland protection, strengthen the awareness of wetland protection in the whole society, establish ecological compensation mechanism of wetland in Gannan, increase the investment in wetland protection in Gannan and adjust the utilization mode of wetland resources, etc. The purpose of this paper is to give full play to the role of law and policy in wetland protection, to achieve better protection of Gannan wetland and its sustainable use, and to promote the construction of ecological environment legal system theory.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.68

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