海上船舶油污生态损害赔偿范围研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 07:45

【摘要】： 随着经济全球化、现代运输技术和航运事业的发展,海上石油运输活动日益频繁,世界各国海域发生油污事故的概率也大幅增加,给全人类的海洋环境带来了极大的风险。1967年发生的“Torrey Canyon”号油污案1、1978年发生的“Amoco Cadiz”油污案2、1989年发生的“Exxon Valdez”号油污案3、1999年发生的“Erika”号油污案4、2002年发生的“Prestige”号油污案5等,不仅污染了大面积海域,还给沿岸国政府和人民带来了不可估量的财产损失,更加促使世界各国政府联合起来,以法律为武器,保护普通人身权和财产权之外的海洋生态环境利益。半个世纪以来,国际社会一直致力于通过立法解决船舶油污损害赔偿问题,美国、加拿大、英国等国也均从国内法层面完善船舶油污损害赔偿制度。相比而言,我国相关的法律制度仍处于起步阶段,有关赔偿范围的规定不仅散见于多部法律中,而且内容过于抽象,导致司法实践中存在诸多分歧。因此,对船舶油污生态损害赔偿范围的研究是十分必要的。本文共分为四章。第一章将首先介绍了“生态损害”的概念起源,分析了海上油污事故造成的生态损害及其特点,并参考国内外有关船舶油污损害的国际公约和国内法的内容,对“生态损害”等一系列相似概念进行界定,提出“海上船舶油污生态损害”的法学定义,并对我国船舶油污生态损害的立法现状进行评析。第二章是海上油污生态损害赔偿主体的确定。内容包括海上油污生态损害赔偿责任主体的确定和海上油污生态损害赔偿索赔主体的确定两部分。该章将结合我国司法实践及国外相关立法,采用法律比较分析的方法,对海上油污生态损害赔偿责任主体以及索赔主体的认定进行分析。第三章是海上油污生态损害赔偿范围研究。该章首先提出了确定海上船舶油污生态损害应当遵循的原则,然后比较分析了现行国际公约与主要国家法制对海上船舶油污生态损害赔偿范围的规定,对海上油污生态损害应当赔偿的范围进行探讨,还将对我国渔业资源长期损害赔偿中的司法争议进行探讨。第四章将结合国际海上船舶油污生态损害的立法趋势,为完善我国相关法律规定和解决司法实践中的困难提出建议。
[Abstract]:With the globalization of economy, the development of modern transportation technology and shipping, and the increasingly frequent activities of oil transportation at sea, the probability of oil pollution accidents in the sea areas of various countries of the world has also increased substantially. "Torrey Canyon" oil pollution case in 1967, "Amoco Cadiz" oil pollution case in 1978, "Exxon Valdez" oil pollution case in 1989, "Erika" oil pollution case in 1999, launched in 2002. Raw "Prestige" oil pollution case 5, et al. Not only has it polluted a large area of sea area, but it has also brought incalculable property losses to the governments and people of coastal countries, which have even more urged governments around the world to unite and use the law as a weapon. To protect the interests of the marine ecological environment beyond ordinary personal rights and property rights. For half a century, the international community has been committed to solve the problem of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships through legislation. The United States, Canada, Britain and other countries have also improved the system of compensation for oil pollution damage from the level of domestic law. In contrast, the relevant legal system of our country is still in its infancy, the provisions on the scope of compensation are not only scattered in many laws, but also too abstract, resulting in many differences in judicial practice. Therefore, it is necessary to study the compensation range of oil pollution ecological damage. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin of the concept of "ecological damage", analyzes the ecological damage caused by the oil pollution accident at sea and its characteristics, and refers to the contents of the international conventions and domestic laws on oil pollution damage caused by ships at home and abroad. A series of similar concepts such as "ecological damage" are defined, the legal definition of "marine oil pollution ecological damage" is put forward, and the present legislative situation of marine oil pollution ecological damage in China is evaluated. The second chapter is the determination of the main body of compensation for marine oil pollution ecological damage. The content includes two parts: the determination of the main body of liability for marine oil pollution ecological damage and the determination of the main body of claim for marine oil pollution ecological damage compensation. This chapter will combine our country's judicial practice and foreign related legislation, adopt the method of comparative analysis of law, analyze the main body of liability for marine oil pollution ecological damage and the cognizance of the main body of claim. The third chapter is the scope of compensation for marine oil pollution ecological damage. This chapter first puts forward the principles to be followed in determining the ecological damage caused by oil pollution from ships at sea, and then compares and analyzes the provisions of the existing international conventions and the legal systems of major countries on the scope of compensation for oil pollution ecological damage of ships at sea. This paper probes into the scope of compensation for ecological damage caused by oil pollution on the sea, and also probes into the judicial disputes in the compensation for long-term damage to fishery resources in China. The fourth chapter will combine the international marine ship oil pollution ecological damage legislation tendency, in order to consummate our country related law stipulation and solves the difficulty in the judicial practice proposed the proposal.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6;D923

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