正外部性理论与我国环境法新发展

发布时间：2018-08-14 20:29

【摘要】：外部性虽然是经济学中的重要理论,但它和环境法却有着密切的联系。一方面,环境问题成为连接外部性和环境法的枢纽,另一方面,环境社会关系是外部性和环境法之间的连接体,这为外部性理论进入环境法领域提供了前提和基础。在我国环境法偏重对负外部性理论应用,亟需解决生态补偿、生态恢复等社会问题的情况下,发挥正外部性理论的指导作用不失为一个明智的选择。本文以环境问题作为逻辑起点,把经济学领域的正外部性理论借鉴到环境法学研究中,尝试分析正外部性理论对我国环境法发展的全面影响和指导意义。本文从环境问题的根源——外部性出发,探讨了经济学和法学领域的外部性理论,分析了我国环境法对负外部性理论的理解、应用及其造成的消极影响,为正外部性理论的“入场”奠定基础。在分析了环境法领域的正外部性现象、对正外部性进行界定、探讨其理论支撑体系的基础上,结合我国社会现实,分析了我国环境法应用正外部性理论的现实必要性和现实可行性,为正外部性理论的应用提供了正当性。在此基础上,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面分析了在正外部性理论的指导下,我国环境法的具体发展。在宏观层面上,围绕环境公共利益的维护和增进,论述了我国环境法律理念的更新和环境法律价值的扩展；在中观层面上,通过构建生态保护与恢复法分析了我国环境法律体系的完善,围绕促进环境公共物品的供给,论述了我国环境法律原则的革新；最后,在微观层面上,围绕促进生产者和消费者正外部性行为的发生,探讨了我国环境法律制度的创新发展。
[Abstract]:Although externality is an important theory in economics, it is closely related to environmental law. On the one hand, environmental problems become the key link between externality and environmental law, on the other hand, environmental social relations are the connectors between externality and environmental law, which provides the premise and foundation for the theory of externality to enter the field of environmental law. It is a wise choice to give full play to the guiding role of positive externality theory under the circumstance that environmental law in our country emphasizes on the application of negative externality theory and needs to solve the social problems such as ecological compensation ecological restoration and so on. This paper takes the environmental problem as the logical starting point, draws lessons from the positive externality theory in the field of economics to the study of environmental law, and tries to analyze the comprehensive influence and guiding significance of the positive externality theory on the development of environmental law in China. This paper discusses the externality theory in the field of economics and law, and analyzes the understanding, application and negative influence of environmental law to the negative externality theory. It lays a foundation for the admission of positive externality theory. On the basis of analyzing the phenomenon of positive externality in the field of environmental law, defining the positive externality and discussing its theoretical support system, combining with the social reality of our country, This paper analyzes the practical necessity and feasibility of the application of positive externality theory in environmental law in China, which provides legitimacy for the application of positive externality theory. On this basis, the author analyzes the concrete development of environmental law in China under the guidance of positive externality theory from three aspects: macro, meso and micro. On the macro level, around the maintenance and promotion of environmental public interest, this paper discusses the renewal of environmental law concept and the expansion of environmental legal value in our country. By constructing the law of ecological protection and restoration, this paper analyzes the perfection of our country's environmental legal system, and discusses the innovation of our country's environmental legal principles around the promotion of the supply of environmental public goods. This paper discusses the innovation and development of China's environmental legal system around the occurrence of positive external behaviors of producers and consumers.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.68

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