论环境法的宪法渊源
发布时间：2018-08-19 14:44
【摘要】： 环境法的宪法渊源,亦称为环境宪法,是宪法中的环境保护条款。 环境宪法是当今宪法和环境立法的普遍现象,其具有以下外部特征：宪法规定环境保护条款,主要是二十世纪六十年代以后的事情；环境宪法具有明显的地缘特征；一国环境法制的先进程度与其宪法中是否明确规定环境保护并无必然联系；在发展中国家,经济社会进步、民主程度提高、环境问题突出是环境保护入宪的基础。环境保护入宪的必要性表现在：随着社会发展,环境和环境保护保护也可能成为国家的基本问题；环境保护的法律规制涉及国家权力分配、人权保护和社会生活方式的根本变革,单纯的环境保护法律不能承受现代环境保护对法律的要求；西欧和北美国家宪法中没有环境保护条款,是拘于传统宪法的稳定性。 环境宪法有四大核心内容：环境的宪法宣告、国家环境保护职责、人的环境权利、人的环境保护义务。环境的宪法宣告,是指宪法对环境价值或者环境保护做出宣告。国家的环境保护职责,是指在宪法中规定,国家对于环境保护负有责任,国家应当采取措施,保证良好的环境。国家环境保护职责应当采取不附带目的、普遍保护、正面保护的形式。人的环境权利是规定在宪法中的与环境有关的人权利,也就是说是宪法对人的环境相关权利的确认。环境权是人的环境权利立法趋势,环境权包括“在健康环境中生活的权利”、环境求偿权、环境知情权等权利。人的环境保护义务,就是宪法中规定人有保护环境的义务。环境宪法的四项内容具有密切联系和兼容性。 我国最早规定环境保护的是七八宪法。现行宪法的环境保护条款仅仅是国家的环境保护职责,“保护生活环境和生态环境”表述不严谨,“防治污染和其他公害”存在逻辑问题。需从以下几个方面完善我国环境宪法：增加“可持续发展”条款；对国家环境保护职责条款进行修改；增加“环境权”条款；增加环境保护义务的规定。 本文采用实证分析与比较分析的方法,对世界上的环境宪法文本做出全面系统的分析,并总结归纳出环境宪法的四大核心内容,以此为依据对中国宪法的环境保护条款提出完善建议,具有一定的创新性。
[Abstract]:The constitutional origin of environmental law, also known as environmental constitution, is an environmental protection clause in the constitution. The environmental constitution is the universal phenomenon of the constitution and the environmental legislation nowadays, which has the following external characteristics: the constitution stipulates the environmental protection clause, mainly after the 1960s, the environmental constitution has the obvious geographical characteristic; The advanced degree of a country's environmental legal system is not necessarily related to whether its constitution explicitly stipulates environmental protection. In developing countries, the economic and social progress, the improvement of democracy, and the outstanding environmental problems are the basis for environmental protection to enter the constitution. With the development of society, the environment and environmental protection may also become the basic problems of the country, and the legal regulation of environmental protection involves the distribution of state power. With the fundamental change of human rights protection and social life style, the simple environmental protection law cannot bear the legal requirements of modern environmental protection, and there is no environmental protection clause in the constitution of Western Europe and North America, which is limited to the stability of the traditional constitution. The environmental constitution has four core contents: the environmental constitution proclaims, the national environmental protection duty, the human's environmental right, the human's environmental protection duty. Environmental constitutional declaration refers to the declaration of environmental value or environmental protection. The environmental protection duty of the state means that the state has the responsibility for environmental protection in the constitution, and the state should take measures to ensure a good environment. The national environmental protection duty shall take the form of non-objective, universal protection and positive protection. The environmental rights of human beings are the rights related to the environment stipulated in the Constitution, that is to say, the confirmation of the environmental rights of the human beings in the Constitution. The right to environment is the legislative trend of human environmental rights, which includes the right to live in a healthy environment, the right to environmental claims, the right to know about the environment, and so on. The obligation of environmental protection of human beings is the obligation to protect the environment as stipulated in the Constitution. The four contents of the environmental constitution are closely related and compatible. China's earliest regulation of environmental protection is the 78 constitution. The environmental protection clause of the present constitution is only the duty of the state to protect the environment. The expression of "protecting the living environment and ecological environment" is not strict, and there are logical problems in "preventing pollution and other public hazards". It is necessary to perfect our environmental constitution from the following aspects: to add the clause of "sustainable development"; to amend the provisions of the duty of national environmental protection; to add the clause of "environmental rights"; to add the provisions of environmental protection obligations. By using the method of empirical analysis and comparative analysis, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the text of the environmental constitution in the world, and summarizes the four core contents of the environmental constitution. On the basis of this, it is innovative to put forward some suggestions to improve the environmental protection clause of Chinese Constitution.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D921;D922.68
本文编号：2191970
[Abstract]:The constitutional origin of environmental law, also known as environmental constitution, is an environmental protection clause in the constitution. The environmental constitution is the universal phenomenon of the constitution and the environmental legislation nowadays, which has the following external characteristics: the constitution stipulates the environmental protection clause, mainly after the 1960s, the environmental constitution has the obvious geographical characteristic; The advanced degree of a country's environmental legal system is not necessarily related to whether its constitution explicitly stipulates environmental protection. In developing countries, the economic and social progress, the improvement of democracy, and the outstanding environmental problems are the basis for environmental protection to enter the constitution. With the development of society, the environment and environmental protection may also become the basic problems of the country, and the legal regulation of environmental protection involves the distribution of state power. With the fundamental change of human rights protection and social life style, the simple environmental protection law cannot bear the legal requirements of modern environmental protection, and there is no environmental protection clause in the constitution of Western Europe and North America, which is limited to the stability of the traditional constitution. The environmental constitution has four core contents: the environmental constitution proclaims, the national environmental protection duty, the human's environmental right, the human's environmental protection duty. Environmental constitutional declaration refers to the declaration of environmental value or environmental protection. The environmental protection duty of the state means that the state has the responsibility for environmental protection in the constitution, and the state should take measures to ensure a good environment. The national environmental protection duty shall take the form of non-objective, universal protection and positive protection. The environmental rights of human beings are the rights related to the environment stipulated in the Constitution, that is to say, the confirmation of the environmental rights of the human beings in the Constitution. The right to environment is the legislative trend of human environmental rights, which includes the right to live in a healthy environment, the right to environmental claims, the right to know about the environment, and so on. The obligation of environmental protection of human beings is the obligation to protect the environment as stipulated in the Constitution. The four contents of the environmental constitution are closely related and compatible. China's earliest regulation of environmental protection is the 78 constitution. The environmental protection clause of the present constitution is only the duty of the state to protect the environment. The expression of "protecting the living environment and ecological environment" is not strict, and there are logical problems in "preventing pollution and other public hazards". It is necessary to perfect our environmental constitution from the following aspects: to add the clause of "sustainable development"; to amend the provisions of the duty of national environmental protection; to add the clause of "environmental rights"; to add the provisions of environmental protection obligations. By using the method of empirical analysis and comparative analysis, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the text of the environmental constitution in the world, and summarizes the four core contents of the environmental constitution. On the basis of this, it is innovative to put forward some suggestions to improve the environmental protection clause of Chinese Constitution.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D921;D922.68
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